河川續動與洪泛脈動：探討河域生態學之演進觀念

River-Continuum and Flood-Pulse: An Exploring on Riverine Ecological Concepts

本文目的係針對1980年以來之主要河域生態學概念演進進行評論。在河川續動觀念（1980年）及洪泛脈動觀念（1989年被提出來之後，這兩個觀念為河域生態規劃及生物相提供預測之基礎。門諾及其同同僚發展河川續動觀念，認為河川上中下游會出現生物相可預測現象。當此空間觀念不能說明一切河域濕地環境，強克及其同僚認為以洪螞園期蔓延漲退的之洪泛脈動時間觀念，來預測河岸濕地、河川中昆蟲及濕生植物共存的現象。本文引介1980年以來上之生態文獻進行介紹，希冀對此兩觀念的檢視與比較，作出綜合性的描述與評論。作者認為強克的預測觀念，是想補充門諾之觀念。惜強克觀念之驗證適用於胡可河岸，預測大河流域的洪泛區或是森林區就失準，那是因為人為介入，造成濕地移除、森林伐木、水壩建築、污染源排放等影響。本文最後針對台灣河域生態研究結果，提出生態研究管理策略，並提出台灣水文生態研究之論證方向、方法與規劃實務應用之建議。

This paper aims to discuss the major concepts of riverine ecology since 1980s. Since two concepts, river continuum (1980) and flood pulse (1989) have been proposed to provide conceptual bases for ecological prediction of flora and fauna within riverine studies as well as for riverine ecological planning. The river continuum concept, first presented by Vannote and his colleagues, provides a framework for predicting variability in a biological community from headwater streams to river mouth. Junk and his colleagues, argued for the concept of river continuum, states that a long and predictable pulses in discharge which expand the river onto riparian are the most important hydrologic feature. We discuss and remark relative research papers since 1980s comprehensively. However, the flood pulse concept also has the similar problem. Most expectations occur because human influences increase unpredictability. Several mechanisms, such as riparian removal, logging, damming, and dumping interrupt the pristine conditions about nutrient loadings. Based on our findings, there are several recommendations for the strategic riverine management and planning on future hydro-ecological studies.