越界產銷網絡中農業區域的新挑戰－－以台灣花卉產業發展為例

Challenges of Agricultural Regional Planning in Cross-border Production-and-Trade Networks: An Empirical Study of Floriculture Industry in Taiwan

本文以臺灣花卉產業的發展為研究個案，探討商品作物在經濟全球化的發展下，農業區域的新意義及其規劃的再思考。臺灣的花卉產業在1960年代末期以切花類為主地興起於國內市場以及鄰近的香港與日本市場的成長，但在1990年代後期，國內市場與國際貿易不再能提供擴大再生產的支援，遂導致了生產過剩危機。緩解危機的出路，一方面是在儲運技術、通訊技術與金融自由化的支援下，產品結構向耐儲運、能儘可能銷售至全世界可及市場的產品轉移﹔另一方面，改革開放近20年的中國大陸內需市場的成長以及生產基地的開放，由於地緣與文化的鄰近性，正提供臺灣花卉業者藉由先發者的生產技術與通路掌握的優勢，以越界投資所形成的越界生產網絡再結構其自身，也將臺灣花卉產業更進一步地鑲嵌在更複雜、更動態、更不確定的經濟全球化的競爭中。越界生產網絡的形成，挑戰了農業區域的傳統意義，農業區域不再僅是國家計畫下、地理面貌統一的自然地景，而成為越界生產網絡中的競爭區段（segments），從而深層地挑戰了傳統農業區域規劃侷限於國家領土邊界的框架、生產與市場分離的思維、以及重糧主義的補貼政策。

As 'globalization' has been a common and controversial term in academic debates, this paper intends to study how the globalizing economy challenges definition of agricultural regions and planning. We take floricultural industry as a cutting edge for its typically commercialized agriculture. Taiwan floriculture industry emerged by cut flower exportation in the late 1960s and started transforming to potted flowers, live plants and seedlings, that are more durable during transportation to worldwide markets, in the mid 1990s responding to an over production crisis of cut flowers caused by export shrinkage. This transformation process has been caused by a complex combination of technology progress, financial liberation and rise of new markets and production sites. Through dividing production procedures into segments and geographically organizing them, a new form of cross-border production-trade network has been formed and deeply challenged the conventional planning of agricultural regions, which have become contested segments in the globablizing economy but no longer geographically homogeneous landscapes.