住宅設計之議題與開放式營建方法論

Housing Design Issues and Open Building Methodology

關於「住宅設計」的研究是住宅研究中的一個專業部門，目前仍然不是個被認真對待的想法，似乎設計只是一個下游的工程作業，並不在住宅問題的學術領域中有其可以被獨立研究的地位。這篇文字基本上是從這樣的反省下出發的。我的目的是辯解一些與住宅設計有關的根本性問題，希望能透過這樣的討論，來引導住宅設計研究的課題與方向。因此，本文將分成三個部分，第一部分將投出一些住宅設計上的議題及論旨（Thesis），基本上是從「生活是變動的」這個認識出發，再從人造環境之「結構與填充」的特性為立論基礎，來發展開放式營建的理論；第二部分將介紹六個依據這些議題及論旨所發展出來的功效指標，做為建立住宅設計方法的指導原則，而整個方法基本上包括六個操作單元；第三部分將討論有關相同的設計方法操作系統，其應用是否可能跨越不同的環境層級。

Housing design is hardly a received area of academic research in the field of housing study, the paper attempts to establish it as a legitimate research area by addressing to some basic issues frequently overlooked both in the world of practice and the intellectual circle. The issues are argued from the recognition of the fact of life-in-change on the one hand, and the understanding of the structure/in fill relation of built environments on the other hand, to systemize the ideas of Habraken's Open Building theory. A few theses are developed from these issues to provide some performance criteria to which a good housing design method should comform. The method devised consists of 6 design operations: Type analysis, Unit analysis, Zoning analysis, Sector analysis, Structure analysis, and Facility analysis. The design method can sufficiently satisfy those criteria, and are valid for the designs across different environmental levels as well.