臺灣家庭擁屋決定因素分析：性別和地區差異

Determinants of Housing Tenure Choice in Taiwan: Gender Inequality and Regional Differences

本文採行政院主計處家庭收支調查中，有提供居住縣市的最後一年（2006）資料，並根據戶長性別以及臺灣七大區域區分樣本，分析不同類別家庭擁屋機率的影響因素。考量恆常所得和家庭財富內生性，研究方法採兩階段probit模型。性別實證結果顯示，恆常所得、配偶存在、公部門任職對兩性戶長之家庭擁屋機率具正向影響，惟財富僅對男性有利。區域別實證結果中，恆常所得是所有地區的重要因素，退休年齡戶長和都市化程度也影響多數地區，然財富僅對北高兩市家庭影響較大。本文建議政府應改善性別社經地位及區域間資源分配的不均，促進國民福祉與社會和諧。

This study employs data from the Survey on Family Income and Expenditure (hereafter, SFIE), compiled by the Taiwan Government, to analyze the determinants of housing tenure choice. The data have been re-categorized based on the gender of the household head and regions in Taiwan. Owing to the non-availability of information on the actual residence location post-2006, a two-stage probit model has been applied to the 12,838 SFIE observations for 2006. The OLS regression on permanent income and family wealth for the first stage, and a probit model on the second stage have been adopted to estimate the marginal effects of two proxies of permanent income and family wealth and other demographic variables. The empirical results based on gender inequality suggest that a higher permanent income, employment status with the public sector, and the status of being married have positive effects on the probability of owning a house for both female- and male-headed households, while the wealth variable only contributes to the male-headed households. As for the choice of housing tenure among regions, the estimated results indicate that permanent income is the key determinant, while the status of being married, being the retired head of a household, and the degree of urbanization are also influential in most regions. However, family wealth merely contributes to Taipei City and Kaohsiung City, the two largest cities in Taiwan. It is suggested that the central and local governments should mitigate the gender inequality, regional differences, and thereby effectively enhance socio-economic well-being and social harmony.