布農族傳統家屋的構成與意義

The Tectonic Composition and Meaning of the Bununs' Traditional Houses

本論文以臺灣布農族為研究對象，考察其日治初期所謂「傳統」家屋的空間形式構成（包括結構系統與構造方式，空間形式組織）、使用功能與其所蘊涵之社會文化象微意義。研究方法主要有文獻回顧、個案比較研究與意義詮釋。個案共有佐山融吉1910年代末調查之簡要平面11個，千千岩助太郎1930年代末實測之案例共16個。經過研討，布農族傳統家屋的特質發現有以下四項：1、布農族雖分五群，並有南、北群地域之別，但各群之家屋空間內涵並無差異，2、家屋之差異僅在所處地域材料取得的變異，中部原居地以石版為主。而東部、南部除木柱樑架構之外，亦採用竹牆、茅草、樹皮屋頂、疊石矮幹矮牆構成家屋。3、石版家屋之結構系統卻相當富彈性，為承重石牆與木柱樑並用方式且以後者為主。4、由眾多儀式與習俗顯示布農族人視其家屋為孕育氏族生命的「文化性子宮」；小米倉則有「精子庫」之隱喻。另方面，這個實質的不動產也有「氏族身體」與其「ishian靈」的意義賦予。

The thesis investigates the traditional houses of the Bunun, mainly on their tectonic composition, function and embedded socio-cultural symbolic meanings. The methods of literature reviewing, multiple cases comparison and meaning interpretation are employed. The cases under scrutiny include 11 cases with rough plans recorded by Sayama Ayoushi in 1910s, and 16 cases with photos and in-scale drawings surveyed by S. Chichiwa in 1930s. The findings are the followings: 1. The Bununs are generally divided into five branch groups by kinship division. Somehow, all of them have their houses keeping a same pattern of spatial arrangement. 2. The major difference among houses is their material utilized for construction. Those located in central Taiwan are made of black slate stone and wood, while those located in Eastern and Southern Taiwan. Except of wooden post and lintel, thatched or bark roof and bamboo wall are common. 3. The structure systems of those slate-stone cases are flexible. Some have stone baring wall, and some utilize only post and lintel system. 4. From a variety of customs and rituals, it is shown that the Bununs take their houses as an “cultural womb” which conceive and nurse their clans and lineages. The millet granary implies a metaphor of “semen storage”. On the other hand, their houses estate is also endowed with a meaning of clan or lineage's body with its strong ishian and hanido.