越南的蛟龍故事類型及內涵探究

A Study on Vietnamese Jiaolong Story Types

越南有許多與蛟龍有關的神話傳說與民俗信仰，例如越南漢文史書所記載的百粵文身風俗，即屬藉由讓蛟龍視作同類，以免遭蛟龍咬傷之禍；還有民俗神蹟書中的「玉成公主」乃蛟龍感孕而生，以及漢文志怪小說的蛟神報恩之說，都屬蛟龍類型故事。分析越南蛟龍故事所記載的故事情節、人物角色，不僅可查考其出自中國的文化淵源及構想來由，同時亦足以作為越南原生文化、在地民族之特質呈現，例如越南母道信仰的宗教特徵，以及斬蛟英雄的民族思想。研究民俗現象和民間文學的學者們，對此現象或有相同母題之論述，或有不同文化本源之總結，但透過蛟龍特定主題之分析，確實可以突顯中越之間的傳承脈絡以及文化特徵，不僅可以藉此了解越南文化的演進歷程，也足以側寫出中國文化的另一種面相。

Many methodological legends and folk beliefs in Vietnam are related to Jiaolong. For example, the Bai-yuei tattoo custom is to avoid being bitten by dragons through acting like dragons (with similar tattoos). Another example is the ＂Yu-cheng Princess＂ in customary miracles and a story about a dragon god which paid a debt of gratitude in Han-wen novels. Analysis of the plot and character shows that some stories were originated from Chinese origins and others were from Vietnamese culture and local people characteristics, such as religious features from Vietnamese goddess and people's beliefs in dragon-killing heroes. Some researchers hold similar ideas while others make different suggestions toward the analyses. Through this study, it is hoped that the evolution of Vietnamese culture can be further identified and Chinese culture can also be demonstrated.