觀看與身分認同──七等生小說的「局外人」形象塑造及其意義

Observation and Self Recognition - The Image Building of ＂Outsider＂ in Qi Deng Sheng's Novels and its Meaning

「局外人」角色貫穿了七等生的主要作品，且構成其創作核心。因此本文欲透過對七等生小說中的「局外人」形象之掌握，對「局外人」的存在特徵進行解讀，並透過此一解讀，找到一個深入探討七等生作品的詮釋途徑。在「局外人」的身份特徵上，本文將以「局外人」的意向性（intentionality）結構來展開「局外人」存在特質之相關討論，亦即：「局外人」總是意識到「『我』存在於……之外」。透過對「局外人」存在特徵的省察，我們注意到：七等生筆下的「局外人」時時表露出強烈的自我認同，而自我認同的建立是透過特殊的「視域」之觀看而達成的。七等生小說中的「局外人」雖然常常以「隱遁者」的姿態出現，但就其形象而言，「局外人」最重要的品行，卻非隱遁、窺伺、獵取他人，也不是沉溺在自卑自憐的感傷情緒中，而是爭取「生命的自由」。最後，本文提出「局外人」角色乃是七等生在寫作上所營構之「他我」，不應直接與七等生本人等同起來。七等生借著創造「局外人」，從中意識到自我之罪惡意識，而得以與自我之往事取得和解。透過如此的詮釋，或可使現前的七等生研究成果獲致另一種觀看的可能。

The role of ＂Outsider＂ has run through Qi Deng Sheng's works that leads it to be the core for his creations. This essay aims to interpret the characteristic on the existence of ＂Outsider＂ through having a grasp of image of ＂Outsider＂ presented in Qi Deng Sheng's novels, and further to search for one interpreting channel to delve into his works through such interpretation. In terms of identity of ＂Outsider,＂ this essay will explore the peculiarity of existence for ＂Outsider＂ based on the structure of intentionality of ＂Outsider,＂ i.e. ＂Outsider＂ always becomes aware that ＂I＂ exist beyond……as such intentional structure embodies the distinguishing characteristic of existence for ＂Outsider.＂ Through the introspection over this characteristic, it will lead us to find: (1) ＂Outsider＂ depicted by Qi Deng Sheng always reveals the intensive self-recognition, as the building of self-recognition will be relied on an observation of the special ＂Horizon.＂ In his novels, the ＂Horizon＂ of ＂Outsider＂ covers, at least, two observing perspectives, ＂Durchsichtigkeit＂ to self-existence and ＂Introspection of bystanding＂ to the entity across the straits, insider, and town, as both are the ways the ＂Outsider＂ will build his/her self entity. Despite ＂Outsider＂ in Qi Deng Sheng's novels always being presented in a status of ＂Recluse,＂ in the context of the image, the moral conduct of ＂Outsider＂ will neither manifest a life of reclusion, peep hunt for people nor to be susceptible to sentimental emotions of self-pitying and self inferiority, but fight for ＂Freedom of life.＂ Ultimately, this essay has found that the role of ＂Outsider＂ created by Qi Deng Sheng highlights the theme of ＂Ta Wuo＂ (He/I) built for his writing that should not be equated to him. Not all ＂Outsiders＂ depicted by Qi Deng Sheng are invariable, as they grow and change with the passage of time. Such observation will lead current results of the research into his works to a possibility and profundity for another observation.