由「違方易任」論殷浩身份之錯位

A Talk About Yinhao's Being Out of Place by means of “Violating Standard and Changing Appointment＂

東晉名士殷浩，以擅長談論，除以「才性四本」論獨擅勝場，且精於知人鑒及歧黃醫術，又長於《老》、《易》，而為當時清談風流之宗，以聲名籍甚，特被簡文帝賞識而超拔任用，且引為腹心，倚以重任以制衡權臣桓溫。但殷浩缺乏治國理世之經綸，更無軍旅奇正之術，故於北伐時節節敗退，而被桓溫彈劾，廢為庶人，遂浸淫佛經，夷神委命，卻終日書空咄咄，可見難以掩抑其失志懊悔之悲。本文以論偏才之性，其才有長有短，殷浩談優務劣，本可在人倫鑒識及學術思想上發揮長才，然以任用錯誤，且執政者促成殷、桓對抗，使內外不協，互相嫌猜，而亂了大局。可見任用時未能取長棄短，則不但是個人的損失，也徒留國家的禍害。就在於以一個率任之才，竟擔當國體重任，因為識量不足，實不足以撥亂返治，反自取其辱，徒使政局更趨混亂，此可引為知人用世者誡。

Yinhao, a celebrity in East Tsin Dynasty, was skilled in discussion. Besides being well-known for ＂Four Essences of Talent＂, he was also good at examining people, medicine, Laotse and the Book of Changes. Because of his fame, Chien-Wen Emperor promoted and appointed him to balance against Huan-Uen. But Yinhao lacked the knowledge and experience in governing a nation and directing military affairs. So he was defeated repeatedly in attacking the north and was impeached by Huan-Uen. After returning to a common person, he was deeply absorbed in the study of Buddhism and resorted to fate. However, he regretted having been in disgrace by talking and saying something nonsense every day. This essay is to talk about specialties, advantages and disadvantages. Yinhao talked well but practiced badly. He might have put his talents to good use in thought and examining people. But wrong promotion led to mutual disharmony and distrust between Yin and Huan, which caught the nation in disorder. So if we can't focus on a person's advantages and neglect his disadvantages when he is appointed, it will result in personal failure and national disorder. We can't expect an unrestrained person without sufficient knowledge and ability to turn a nation from disorder into order. He himself will suffer insult and the nation will be in chaos. This is a good lesson for common people in the world.