印刷傳媒之崛起與宋詩特色之形成

The Rise of Printing media and the Formation of Song Poem Features

雕版印刷有「易成、難毀、節費、便藏」之長處，又有化身千萬，無遠弗屆之優勢。因此，足與寫本（含藏本、稿本、抄本）競妍爭輝。論其利用厚生，便利士人，徵存、傳播、發揚宋朝以前及當代文獻典籍，繼往開來，貢獻極大。對於宋代士人而言，雕版印刷改變知識傳播之方式和質量，進而影響閱讀之態度、方法，和環境，乃至於創作之習性、評述之體式、審美之觀念，和學術之風尚，對宋代之文風士習頗多激盪。因應右文崇儒政策，科舉考試、書院講學、教育普及、著書立說，皆因印刷傳媒之推助，而有加乘之效果。由此觀之，印刷傳媒堪稱為唐宋變革之催化劑，宋代之為近世特徵之促成者。本論文側重探討四部典籍之刊行與兩宋文明昌盛之可能關係，考察宋代印刷傳媒繁榮、圖書流通便捷，對於「詩分唐宋」之可能影響，有別於目錄版本學之論述，亦不同於書籍紀傳體之研究。對於學界探討唐宋變革、宋型文化、詩分唐宋、宋詩特色諸課題，或有參考觸發之價值。

The strengths of woodcut printing in the early Song Dynasty are characterized by accessibility, duration of preservation, cost effectiveness, and the ability to be stored easily. Furthermore, woodcut printing facilitated the circulation of literature, enabling the dissemination of information. Due to these qualities, therefore, woodcut printing enjoys the same status with that of transcripts (bibliolatries, manuscripts, codices). Accordingly, woodcut printing contributes a great deal to preserving, spreading, and promoting literatures written before and during the Song Dynasty, thus passing down cultural heritage. In fact, the emergence of woodcut printing has transformed not only the way through which knowledge is disseminated, but the quality of the information as well. This, in turn, influences Song intellectuals' reading attitudes, perspectives, and environment, and leads to shifts in the writing style, the form of critique, aesthetic taste, and intellectual milieu of the Song Dynasty. From a macro-perspective, such an emergence also enables and assists the government to propel its Confucian policy, which includes holding civil examinations, giving lecture in the academy, turning education into an all-pervasive practice, and encouraging publication. Printing technique, therefore, can be termed as the catalyst for both the Tang and Song Dynasty's reformations, an invisible hand that marks the Song Dynasty as the forerunner of modernity. The aim of this paper, then, centers on the publication of Si Bu Dian Ji (四部典籍) maybe relate the prosperity of the civilization in the Song Dynasty. The prosperity of printing media and the spread of books in the Song Dynasty, maybe influence “Tang and Song poetic demarcation”. Distinguishing it from the study of bibliography and historiography with the hope of shedding light on the current comments concerning the Tang and Song Dynasty's reformations, the culture paradigm of the Song Dynasty, the divisions of poetry between the Tang and Song Dynasty, and the characteristics of Song poetry.