先秦至漢代禮俗中有關厲鬼的觀念及其因應之道

Exploration to Customs of Vengeful Ghosts and Solutions of Facing them in the Pre-Chin and Han Dynasty

厲鬼的性質與因應之道為禮儀及民俗中的重要部分，本文首先說明何種情況下的亡魂易被歸入厲的範疇，其次說明在此狀況下，喪葬、祭祀充滿諸多禁忌。第三，說明厲鬼為祟，致病、復讎……等問題。第四，由氣的角度對厲鬼的性質加以說明。第五，由禮儀及民俗的角度，說明溫和的對厲鬼的安撫及補救措施，如掩屍埋骨、納入祭祀，以及較激烈的厭勝、驅逐厲疫甚至破壞屍體等等方式。在實際的情況上，往往恩威並施，多種方式並行。反映出時人對厲鬼的觀念及因應之道。

The character of the vengeful ghosts and method of facing them are the important parts within ritual and folklore. The article wants to explain vengeful ghosts about several aspects： 1. What kind of situation which resulted in vengeful ghosts. 2. Taboo in the condition of funeral and sacrifice. 3. Sick and misfortune which resulted from the haunting by ghosts. 4. From the Chi(氣) point of view to explain the ghosts. 5. The soft ways to pacify ghosts which are burying dead bodies and worshiping spirits of dead. The violent ways to conquer ghosts which are destroying dead bodies, Yen Sheng, and Nuo ceremony.