由孔廟淵源談徐宗幹對魯臺二地之文教貢獻

A Study on the Contribution of Xu Zong-Gan to the Confucius Temples of Shangdong and Taiwan

大凡考察一地孔廟，除可比較建築規制外，對於所保存的祭祀儀典、禮樂器物，以及相關文史人物，都應詳盡記錄其異同。臺南孔廟今存有道光28年（1848）分巡臺灣兵備道徐宗幹所立孔子行教圖像碑一通。民間文化人士曾追索此像與山東所存者或同出一源。但學界對此一問題，並未加探究。同一款式之孔子行教圖碑，今猶可於泰山孔子廟中考得，且該廟山門照壁上猶存徐宗幹道光12年知泰安縣事時所題對聯。臺灣學界對於徐氏治臺宦蹟與軍事武功之研究，已有一定成果。大陸則多關切徐宗幹與泰山之關連。整體而言對於徐宗幹之文教貢獻，著墨猶鮮。本文即徵考徐氏著作、方志材料與田野考察所得，以魯臺二地孔廟為核心，鈎勒其對於地方文教推動之貢獻，凡有修建學宮、崇祀先賢、課試諸生、刊傳書籍圖像數端。文中並探究徐氏所傳孔子圖像之來源與動機，蓋與其歷仕魯省的地緣因素，又與孔孟聖裔建立師友關係，極力蒐羅碑刻圖像，更重視課士，崇尚教化的施政宗旨有關。拙著撰作間，多蒙原籍山東泰安之臺大中文系名譽教授張亨先生鼓勵。先生於完稿前數月辭世，謹以此文，申表哀思。

Xu Zong-Gan was a competent official in the Qing Dynasty. He has served as Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, around the size of the officials. Because of he and the descendants of Confucius and Mencius have teacher-student relationships, he got a precious portrait of Confucius. Then he carved this portrait enthusiastically at the Confucius Temples of Shandong Taishan, Sichuan Boryeong, and Taiwan Tainan. These carved stones still be conserved in Taishan and Tainan. Researches of Xu, almost focus on the achievements of his military and political. This article with particular reference to his anthology, chronicle and chorography, try to describe his contribution to culture and education, such as the establishment of schools, worship saints, teaching and publishing, etc.