白居易詠病詩中呈現的自我療癒

The Development of Self-therapy in Bai Ju-Yi's Illness Poems

本文以白居易詠病詩為研究對象，考察其於艱難苦痛的患病歷程中，如何汲取儒家、道家、佛家思想，進行精神開拓昇華之自我治療。首先辨析白居易疾病種類與發病時間，並據此析分病程為早年微恙、中年初病、數病齊發、臨終病篤四個時期，承此依序開展以下論題：第一，早年微恙著重於白居易自我癒病體系之建構。第二，40歲始發眼疾，衰顏落髮，又逢丁憂喪女，白居易首先面對的是該如何解開形軀表象之執。第三，44歲數病齊發，其傾聽身體之困倦，擇取禪道思想，以澄淨心靈為先，呈現由「順」至「忘」，企於「安」的療癒進程。其四，68歲支離枯朽，自知大限將至，此時融合北宗清淨禪法與南宗隨順自然，不於病困中造作唐突，開啟無機心無分別之大自在境界。在此長年與慢性疾患共伴的生命中，白居易亦嘗擺盪在病勢轉增與禪道療疾暫而無用間，苦悶焦慮紛沓而至，然隨著臥病日久與修行愈深，初由破色身虛妄，至順天適病，最終恬悅自足，不拘於出家入世，展示一貼近日常的紓病之道。

This project aims to analyze the effects of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism therapy from Bai Ju Yi's poetry in his physical condition during his early life. The therapy of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were deeply influenced Bai Ju-Yi, which the idea of Tang Dynasty has enriched his inner conception. He transformed the illness to the courage to move forward on mentally mediate which became his self-therapy. This project will discuss three topics of Bai Ju-Yi's illness. First, the time before his eyes got sick, we focus on the therapy system construction and analyze the meaning and value of life. Second, we analyze the roles of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism Therapy in Bai Ju-Yi after his lost his parents and daughter. How he realized the life meaning, returning himself to the nature and accepting the illness by the Buddhism and Taoism Therapy will be discussed at last. Bai Ju-Yi demonstrated a healing prescription which is more practical to life, the so-called “with the body in the world and the heart beyond the world” while the “heart” advance continuously to self-cultivate to the true peaceful realm of agony free, and the “body” settle in the practical world of the mercy of reciprocity, and contented in all activities in the real life to enrich the spiritual world, to brim the life with joyfulness and thus achieved the state of self-ablation of agony.