由《文學概論講義》探尋梅光迪1920年代的文學思想

Literary Thoughts of Mei Guang-Di in 1920s: A Case Study of His Handout of Introduction to Literature

梅光迪（1890-1945）是胡適的安徽同鄉，也是留美學生中和胡適相互勉勵相濡以沫的好朋友，由於他對胡適文學改良的看法提出異議，讓胡適有機會被「逼上梁山」提出新文學運動的重要理念。梅光迪曾就讀於西北大學英文系、哈佛大學比較文學研究所，是新人文主義學者白璧德（Irving Babbitt, 1865-1933）的學生，可說是西方文學的科班出身。他對胡適以及《新青年》文學意見的斟酌，顯現他浸淫在西方文學（尤其是正統古典文學）之深，也展現出民初文學中的一股不同的文學理念。在將西方文學理念引入中國，啟發影響現代中國文學觀念上，梅光迪有重要的貢獻。近些年前梅光迪的《文學概論講義》及〈近世歐美文學趨勢講義〉被發掘，前者尤其可以讓我們有機會再度考察並省思，到底民初文人對於文學（尤其是西方引進的新的文學）理念為何？其引入的文學理念與中國傳統的文學觀念的異同為何？他在引進時是否有因應中國的實際情境做了調整？這些問題都可以藉由梅光迪的「講義」得到部分解答。

Mei Guang-Di (1890-1945) is a close friend of Hu Shi, also a main character who opposed Hu Shi's ideas of new literature and helped Hu Shi put forth the so-called ＂Literary Revolution.＂ Mei received formal training in Western literature from Northwest University and Harvard University and was a disciple of Irving Babbitt (1865-1933). Mei's ideas of literature show his immersion in Western (especially classical) literature and separate him from other scholars in the New Youth magazine in May Fourth period. His ideas have greatly shaped a different concept of literature in China. Recently, Mei's newly found Handout of Introduction to Literature recorded by his students has opened a new horizon for us to re-evaluate what literature is, what it can do, and how it differs from traditional Chinese concept in early Republican years. This article will look into the content of it, with a purpose of seeing how a new concept of literature has been introduced into China and shaped our ideas of what literature is until today.