程頤學脈對齊桓公的評價──以程頤、謝湜與胡安國為核心

Duke Huan of Qi's Appraisal from Cheng Yi's Sects: Focusing on the Works of Cheng Yi, Xie Shi and Hu An-Guo

程頤對於宋代儒學有很深的影響，學者多注意其在理學上的重要性。在經學上，也多僅言其《易》學成就。程頤的《春秋傳》一書雖未完成，但其弟子謝湜、劉絢、楊時等人也都有《春秋》的相關論著，南宋胡安國也自承其《春秋》學「微詞多以程氏之說為證」。但因文獻散失的緣故，現今論者最多僅能言及程頤與胡安國兩人的《春秋》學，而無法論及其中的承續與轉變。本文運用南宋李明復所編的《春秋集義》一書，利用其中所採錄謝湜之說，將討論焦點集中程頤、謝湜與胡安國三人對齊桓公的評價，透過對比、分析眾人對齊桓公的即位與傳位、征伐的評說與會盟的評說三個部份。一方面勾勒出程頤學脈對《春秋》看法的發展軌跡與異同，同時也反省他們在歷史評價時所展現的問題。

Cheng Yi is a very important scholar in Song Dynasty. He wrote about the interpretation of the Chun Qiu. Unfortunately, the major part of his book was missing, most of the scholars are using the Hu An-Guo and Cheng Yi's books as research basis. Moreover, Hu An-Guo admits his ideas was affected by Cheng Yi, especially after Song Dynasty, his viewpoint have influenced scholars deeply. Therefore, most of the Chun Qiu researchers can only focus on Cheng Yi and Hu An-Guo's books. This paper based on Chun Qiu Ji Yi by using Xie Shi's standpoint, evaluates Duke Huan of Qi's personality form three points: throne succession, conquest and the league. Thus, to clarify the comparisons Chun Qiu viewpoint between the sects of Cheng Yi, at the same time, introspect the difficulty and problems on historical appraisal.