《清華簡．繫年》楚國紀年五章的敘事特色管窺

The Narrative of The Five Chu-Centered Chronicles Chapters in Qinghua Bamboo Slips Xinian

本文以《清華簡．繫年》中「楚國紀年」的篇章為主要探討對象，透過與《左傳》所載史事之比較，分析二書在各項敘事要素上的差異與意義。本文之〈一〉說明研究背景與研究範圍。研究背景方面，本文指出《繫年》自出土以來，多數研究環繞在史實考辨、體例與文獻性質之討論。本文則欲探討在史事異同的背後，隱含何種立場、原因或價值判斷。研究範圍方面，則先限定在「楚國紀年」的第11、12、13、15、19五章。本文之〈二〉、〈三〉即根據此五章進行討論並舉出具體例證，將《繫年》所載事件與《左傳》相比較，並適度參照《國語》、《史記》；就「用字遣詞」、「情節剪裁」、「人物形象」與「敘事觀點」等敘事要素層面切入探討，論析《繫年》與《左傳》對於楚國史事的敘述差異。本文之〈四〉在前文基礎上，總述《繫年》之楚史敘事五章的特色，指出這些以楚國紀年的篇章，立場頗為傾向楚國，似較強調對楚有利之描寫，此一特質不同於《左傳》通常對楚國具有排斥、貶抑之態度。進而探討《繫年》敘事特色所可能反映的作者立場與讀者需求，冀能拓展對《繫年》之內容與敘事立場的深入研究，呼應並補充學界長期以來對其外在形式與文體性質的討論。

This paper analyzes the chapter 11, 12, 13, 15, and 19 in the Qinghua Bamboo Slips Xinian, which use the title of the king of the state of Chu as year notation. By comparing the history accounts in Xinian with Zuo Zhuan, this paper presents the feature of the Chu historiography in Xinian into two parts. The first part, containing chapter 11, 12, and 13, shows that the wording and plot in these chapters were different from the transmitted texts, and thus veiled the faultiness or blemish of Chu. The second part, containing chapter 15 and 19, focuses on the characters and point of view manifested in the Xinian, and argues that these features of narrative not only inclined to the Chu, but also presented a different viewpoint of the Spring and Autumn history. By comparison, this paper suggests that the Xinian's year numbering system and its narrative features may partially implied a new writing purpose of the author and the practical demand of the readers.