《諧鐸》志怪敘寫中對自我生命期許之表述

The Expression of Self-life Expectations in the Weird Novel Xie Duo

本文以《諧鐸》為研究對象，用以理解當時文人在面對入世的挫折時，如何檢視、定義自己的生命價值。就作者自我的認知來說，他先肯定自己深解並成為儒家所期待入仕的典型，故能掌握經書中的真理褒貶世事；就生命的目標來看，《諧鐸》要求知識分子應先明白自己在社會中的意義及責任，體察且詮釋經書的核心價值，並進一步就階級分工和社會風氣，指陳其中的弊病並提出改革方法，作為自己以及相同處境文人努力的目標。為了強調自己的正統性，《諧鐸》中主張的文學觀、生命觀及道德論皆趨向保守，凡與儒家牴觸者一律斥為異端。此書由於能反映類似遭遇文人的心事，被知識分子理解和接受，由此已能得見志怪在入清後文體的新變，及在此體中寄託的文人心理。

The Qing Dynasty weird novel Xie Duo is the subject of this paper. It was used to understand how the literati viewed and defined the life value when they repeatedly met with frustrations. As for the self-cognition of the author, he first understood and recognized himself well that he was to be the role model of an official as expected by the Confucians, thus could use the truth in the Confucian classics to appraise the current affairs. As for the goal of life, Xie Duo requested that intellectuals must understand their significance and duty in the society, had to experience and observe, and also interpret the core value of the Confucian classics, and went even further to point out the malady in the class division of work and social climate and proposed methods of reform as the goal for himself and intellectuals under the same circumstances to work together. To emphasize the orthodoxy, the literature view, life outlook and morality advocated in Xie Duo were rather conservative, anything contradicted with Confucian concept of value was all considered heresy. Because this book could reflect the mind of literati with similar experience, it was comprehended and accepted by the intellectuals. Thus we can see the change of writing style in weird novels of the Qing Dynasty and the mentality of the literati embedded in it.