流離與回返：民初廣東文人汪兆鏞的遺民風景

Vagrancy and Return: A Research on the Cantonese Qing Loyalist's Scenery of Wang Zhao-Yong

辛亥之後，傳統文人除須面對政治體制的變革以外，尚需面對來自於西方的新思潮以及新舊時代轉換所帶來的衝擊。不同於上海遺民與政治間的密切關聯，出身學海堂的這一批廣東遺民的文化屬性更為鮮明。他們在清亡後致力保存傳統文化，通過傳統文獻的校注刊刻、師友生平文獻整理確立個人的文化遺民的姿態，另一方面，他們也為個人的遺民抉擇而辯駁。學界向歷來的研究主要圍繞汪兆鏞的生平與遺民氣節為論，而較少論及往返原鄉與寓居地的這種遷徙型態對汪兆鏞學術事業的影響。本文以「流離與回返」為中心，通過汪兆鏞的個案研究，觀察廣東遺民文人在世變之際避居他所的過程中的自我敘述，反映出當時處於新舊時代交替下的另一種遺民樣態。

After the Revolution of 1911, the traditional literati not only need to confront the innovation of political system, but the new trend of thought and cultural shock resulted from the transit form Qing dynasty to the Publican China. Different from the loyalists in Shanghai usually have connections with political activities, the Cantonese loyalists are celebrated for their cultural characteristic. They devoted themselves to conserving the traditional cultural properties to structure their self-identity through the revision, annotation, edition and publication of the traditional literature. In addition, they also defended for their choices of being the Qing loyalists. The earlier researchers mainly focused on the Wang Zhao-Yong's life and integrity; however, they merely mentioned the connection between the lifestyle of migrating back and forth from Guangzhou to Marco and his academic cause. This paper is from the perspectives of vagrancy and return, trying to observe the Cantonese literati's self-narrative under the unsettled conditions and to reflect another kind of image of these Cantonese literati during the late Qing and early Republican China via the research of Wang Zhao-Yong.