李漁傳奇的淨丑藝術

The Art of Jing Chou in Li Yu's Chuan qi

本文首先提出李漁對淨丑的看法，涵蓋了情節、腳色、演員、觀眾與人生等層面，他肯定淨丑的重要，也寄寓深刻的人生哲理。其次，透過文本分析，從情節運用的類型、人物塑造的講究以及排場與現實社會的關係等面向，提出李漁傳奇中的淨丑在劇場上的實際展現。李漁強調裝扮與作戲，在其淨丑藝術中表現得尤其是淋漓盡致，本文在其情節、人物、排場的基礎上，進一步提出：李漁淨丑藝術的表演核心在作戲，表現在排場上是力求翻新、以娛觀瞻；在音律上則是精心安插、以富觀聽。李漁淨丑藝術的精神意蘊在游戲，可以從自揭其短、反復更新、調笑無心等方面體現。最後總結其淨丑藝術的創新與影響，除了造就自成一家的喜劇風格外，其游戲療癒的先行實踐，更開啟本世紀戲曲研究的新頁。

This paper begins by introducing Li Yu's (李漁) idea on Jing Chou (淨丑/ a clown character with a painted face), from the perspectives on its relation to plots, characters, performers, audience and life. Li affirms the importance of Jing Chou which conveys a profound life philosophy. Next, through text analysis, including the discussion of the types of plots, character-shaping, setting and the relationship between the social reality and the literary works, this paper will present how Jing Chou from Li Yu's Chuanqi (傳奇/a poetic drama in Ming and Qing Dynasties in China) has been demonstrated in theatre. Li Yu puts great emphasis on role-playing and playacting, which could be fully manifested through the art of Jing Chou. Based on the discussion on plots, characters, and setting, this paper further indicates: the core of performance in the art of Jing Chou lies in playacting. When it comes to the setting, an innovative and revolutionary arrangement stands out to entertain the viewers, while the music and melody should be subtly designed to cater to the hearers. In Li Yu's viewpoint, the essence of the art of Jing Chou would be You Xi (游戲/ jesting and playacting), which is embodied in self-deprecating, constantly reforming, and fun-making. To sum up, the innovation and influence of the art of Jing Chou form a unique comic style; moreover, the comforting and inspirational practice of You Xi also opens up a direction for the research of drama in this century.