藏族史詩與史詩說唱藝人──阿來《格薩爾王》重述神話的民族文化意涵

The Tibetan Epic and the Story-teller and Singer: the Cultural Implication from the Mythology Retelling of “King Gesar＂ by A Lai

當代藏族漢語作家阿來以藏族史詩為主題的小說《格薩爾王》，描述傳統史詩神話的同時，也敘寫了神授史詩說唱藝人的當代處境。尤其史詩主角格薩爾王與神授史詩說唱藝人晉美兩人在各自時空中的所見所聞，或在夢中的互動與對話，成為這篇小說在「重述神話」時的重要形式。從神、魔、人的史詩時代到僅剩人的小說時代，阿來如何在《格薩爾王》小說中，持續塑造保守傳統格薩爾史詩或神授史詩說唱藝人的神秘性？與此同時，他又如何經由小說情節揭示其欲思考與彰顯的時代議題？以上這些將是本論文所欲探討的重心。

The King Gesar, is a Tibetan epic novel written by the contemporary Tibetan writer A Lai. Besides the description of the traditional epic mythology, A Lai embraced the narration regarding the contemporary situation of the charismatic epic story-teller and singer. One of the important features of this novel is the visuals, interactions, and conversations between the main character King Gesar, the hero of the epic, and Jin Mei, the charismatic epic story-teller and singer where both the characters were in different spaces. Starting from the epic era in deity, demon and human, and followed by the novel era in human, it is mysterious how the writer A Lai creates and keeps traditional Gesar epic and the charismatic epic story-teller and singer consistently in his own way, and highlights the issues of this age which he concerned and thinks about in terms of the plot of the novel. The way he does these is the focus of this paper.