從「主題──評論」觀點分析古典詩篇章結構

An Analysis on the Text Structure of the Chinese Classical Poems: from the Perspective of Topic-Comment

本文從「主題－評論」觀點分析古典詩的篇章結構。「主題－評論」的分析觀點在口語、詩歌的篇章結構皆有重要的作用。透過主題與評論可以統領句群，進而組成有層次的篇章結構。古典詩創作講究用韻和諧與用字精鍊，並要結構完整，始能言短情長。主題本不限於動詞之相關論元，因此移前作為主題的成分，點出與詩旨相關訊息，也因對仗而有對比效果；主題串的運用和省略在篇章中有連貫的功能；古典詩中重字的使用作為主題或評論者，則有聯繫前後的功能；古典詩除了詩人為大主題外，還有不同層次、不同內涵的次主題或主題串，皆有其不同的作用，因此，透過「主題－評論」的觀點分布，結合音韻策略用字句式等，更能掌握全詩之篇章結構。

This paper analyzed the text structure of the Chinese classical poems in the topic-comment framework. Topic refers to the old information, and comment refers to the new information. Several sentences are governed by the same topic in a paraphrase. The topics are most frequently found at the beginning of the poetic lines. In the classical poems, both the sub/object and time/location nouns could pair up with topics to have a contrastive meaning. There are several strategies to analyze the text structures of the poems: the identical phonological rime structures in every other lines; the topic chain occurred in the following lines; and through the same words/phrases occurred in different lines to concatenate the paraphrases. Through the distribution of topics and comments, the hierarchical text structures of the poems could be analyzed better.