《正一法文天師教戒科經》成書年代考辨

A Chronological Analysis of the Written “Zheng Yi Fa Wen Tian Shi Jiao Jie Ke Jing”

《正一法文天師教戒科經》乃早期天師道的重要經典，全書分為五部分，當非一人一時之作。五篇內容均為教戒，看似獨立實則各相連屬，遂被合為一卷。透過此書可進窺早期天師道發展之狀況，是研究早期道教不應遺漏的重要史料。當今有關《正一法文天師教戒科經》的研究成果，可謂完全聚焦在成書年代上，其中尤以《大道家令戒》最受關注，本文主要針對目前學界的四種成書時代說法進行探討。又目前的研究成果未能系統且全面地豁顯全書思想，尤其對於該書第一部分（無分標題）及第五部分《天師五言牽三詩》歷來罕有關涉。本文擬從原典的還原及義理闡發，逐一對目前成書時代進行對話及考辨，希冀能對歷來成書年代的爭議有所釐清及補充。

“Zheng Yi Fa Wen Tian Shi Jiao Jie Ke Jing” is the classic Taoism literature for the Tianshi Dao (Celestial master movements). It consists of five parts, and it is a time consuming work by more than one author. The topics addressed in these five parts are all related to religious discipline. These five parts were thus collected and edited into one single book. It is also one of the most important literatures to study in order to better understand and investigate the early development of Tianshi Dao. The research findings on this literature mainly focused on its written date, particularly the date of the chapter “Da Dao Jia Ling Jie”. However, there is still a lack of systematical research method at present to completely describe the philosophical thinking behind this written book, especially on the unnamed first part and the fifth part named “Tian Shi Wu Yan Qian San Shi”. This paper explored the date of this literature via the following steps. First of all, we completed the realization on this book and then generalized the major thinking of this book. Based on our objectives, we then discussed and compared the different points between our aspects with those proposed by others. The research results are likely to clarify the debates regarding the date of this written book.