邊緣到中心的流動──論朱敦儒詞中「身分認同」的自傳書寫

Flow from Periphery to Center: The Biographical Writing of Identity in Zhu Dun-Ru's Ci Poetry

朱敦儒《樵歌》寄寓了宋室南渡前後各種「身分認同」的反思，本文透過文史互證之法以彌合詞體本事闕如的現象，試圖回歸到詞人存在的時空情境，區分《樵歌》各時期所呈現的認同面向，大抵上，從洛陽時期對故鄉古都文化的在地認同，到嶺南時期由於地域轉移而導致生活習慣的隔閡、失群的邊緣感；再到選擇北返頌揚「中興」的臨安府，洛陽與臨安的疊影引發了歸向何方的思索，加上政治場域的傾軋更使得客居的身世感到疲憊不堪，最終退隱嘉禾，繼承漁父傳統、構築園林，回歸自我生命的本真。文中藉由四個時期體現朱敦儒「身分認同」的多重面貌，在歷史處境與自我觀照的互動過程中具有相承轉變的啟悟關係，從而呈現詞體「自傳」書寫的特質。

The “Qiao Ge” written by Zhu Dun-Ru reflected on the identities formed respectively before and after the southbound migration of the Song royalty. This article demonstrated the temporal-spatial context in which Zhu's life embedded by tracing the flow of identity between center and periphery at that time. To remedy the deficiency of lacking historical evidence in the contents of the verse, this article adopted a method of two-way verification between literature and history. This article embodied the multifaceted identity from four periods. First of all, Zhu identified himself with the culture of his hometown, Luo-yang. Then, he felt estrangement and perceived the gap in usual practice caused by his migration to the Ling-nan region. Subsequently, he returned to Lin-an, where prevailed an atmosphere of advocating recovery. The overlapping experiences he gained in Luo-yang and Lin-an resulted in his thinking of belonging. He also felt exhausted because of political struggle. Therefore, he chose to live in seclusion in Jia-he, where he adopted the tradition of being a fisher and constructed his own dwelling. By doing so, he realized the true essence of his life. In sum, the “Qiao Ge” demonstrated the characteristics of biographical writing because the identity issues it touched on in the interaction between historical context and reflection during different periods shaped a relationship of sequential transformation.