浪漫與現代主義詩內「陰暗面」的份量──兼論雨果、徐志摩、波特萊爾

The Importance of Dark Side in Romanticism and Modern Poetry - Concurrent Discussions of V. Hugo, C. Baudelaire and Hsu Chih-mo

法國的雨果、波特萊爾，是西歐浪漫主義及「現代性」美學的代表人物。本文藉二詩人對「陰暗面」的書寫，挖掘「浪漫」與「現代」兩大文學思潮的內涵，連帶的社會背景及其美學觀念演變的痕跡。文中論及漢語新詩第一號代表人物徐志摩，他主體「我」表現的純真浪漫情懷，在某一歷史時期或有意義，但對整個西歐浪漫主義，特別如雨果詩內觸及宇宙陰陽相擊的力量，對「陰暗面」體會的宏大氣勢，早期新詩的浪漫派詩人應該很少著墨。至於被稱「惡魔詩人」的波特萊爾，國人對其陰暗書寫本不陌生。但論文旨在分析揭示：波氏乘藉其影響深邃的「現代性」之觀念，如何在實際詩作中，將醜陋、或陰暗事物鑄造出永恆的美感？在工業與科學的發展下，波氏如何將「我」的表述隱藏，而借一種近乎「無我」的純冷靜觀察，去突出時間更替的無情？極有層次、清晰地營造那永遠逃逸中的「在場感」，才是「現代性」的永恆之美。論文嘗試以法語原結構，說明詩的實質感染力。全篇在討論法國詩之同時，主旨遙遙相應著：漢語詩壇忽略了的大塊荒蕪領域。

French writers V. Hugo and C. Baudelaire were the representatives of Romanticism and Modernity in Western Europe. Based on their descriptions of “Dark Side”, this study tends to explore the connotation of the literary trends Romanticism and Modernism, as well as the social background and the evolution of their aesthetic concepts. The pure and romantic emotion of Hsu Chih-mo, the representative of Chinese new poetry, may be meaningful in certain periods of history. However, few of the romantic poets of early new poetry describe Romanticism in Western Europe, especially the conflict between Yin-Yang in the universe mentioned by Hugo and the experience in the grand Dark Side. People may be familiar with the dark writings of Baudelaire, who is considered the poet of the wicked. However, this study aims to analyze how Baudelaire creates an eternal sense of beauty for ugly or dark affairs in his poetry through the effects of Modernity, and how he highlights the ruthlessness of time change through a detached attitude, which is enshrouded under industrial and scientific development, for the forever escaping sense of “Being in the setting” is the eternal aesthetics of Modernity. This study attempts to describe the actual inspiration of poems with the original French structure. While discussing French poetry, the paper also corresponds with the neglect of Chinese poetry in Chinese academia.