嵇喜〈嵇康傳〉作意蠡測

The Investigative Writing of Ji Xi's Ji Kang Zhuan (The Biography of Ji Kang)

譙國嵇氏家族，自嵇昭出仕曹操幕府以下，其家世儒學，嵇康有兄二人，長兄早於嵇康去世，另一為嵇喜，歷任顯執。嵇喜仕隱態度既與嵇康迥異，何以要作〈嵇康傳〉？又為何此「傳」重嵇康之才華志節及傾向道家清靜之道？蓋力言其崇隱企仙，無意人世，無形中正暴露司馬氏誅除異己之殘暴，並側面為嵇康之死抱不平也。本文先透過嵇氏兄弟之「贈答詩」入手，以判不同的仕隱態度，進而揭露嵇喜毅然從軍，有可能是為營救嵇康，並鋪平嵇氏家族後代之進路。末則解析〈嵇康傳〉，以明嵇喜作傳之意圖。本文針對嵇喜被名士譏為「凡鳥」起興，對嵇喜之出仕有較正面的解讀，以糾世論之揚隱而抑仕之弊；又從中國詩壇「贈答體」之沿革，為嵇氏兄弟之互贈詩之真切可感。玩味其明言、喻言之間，兼顧情理，終從〈嵇康傳〉文字的隙縫中重新喚回當時歷史情境，以究探於人事與政治之隱曲處。無形中，扶正了嵇喜之形象、彰明了嵇康的人格及學術，更解讀了魏晉士流「仕非真欲仕，隱非真欲隱」的苦衷。

From its earliest beginnings of their ancestor Ji Zhao, who lived as an official under the command of Cao Cao, the Ji family had been partial to Confucian thinking. Ji Kang had two brothers, the eldest who died before Ji Kang, the other, Ji Xi, who served prominently in officialdom. Why did Ji Xi, whose attitude towards bureaucracy and living in seclusion had been completely different from that of Ji Kang, write “The Biography of Ji Kang”? How is it that this biography emphasizes Ji Kang's talent, ambition and integrity and his tendency toward Taoism? One might argue that it is because Ji Xi wanted to expose the cruelty of the Sima Family in killing dissidents and to express his disapproval of Ji Kang's death. This article first focuses on Ji Kang and Ji Xi's different attitudes toward officialdom and seclusion by examining the poems they gave each other and their efforts to pave the way of officialdom for their descendants. Then, this article analyzes Ji Xi's intention to write “The Biography of Ji Kang” and investigate how Jia Xi's, as an official, wished to correct the drawbacks of people who commend seclusion but belittle officialdom. Through the poems of correspondence by these two brothers, we can perceive a sense of historicity, which involves hidden commentary on people and politics. Thus, Ji Xi's image is improved; Chi Kang's character and scholarship are highlighted, to then exemplify the disillusionment and pain of Wei-Jin scholars who “serve” but do not really wish to serve, and who “retreat” but do not truly wish to live in seclusion.