再論《中村不折舊藏禹域墨書集成．月令》卷之整理校勘及唐本「月儀書」之比較研究

Another Discussion on the Comparative Research among Tang Versions of “Yue Yi Shu” and on the Sorting and Collation of Nakamura Fusetsuki and the Collection of “Yue Ling” Manuscripts

本篇乃是針對中村不折舊藏本「中國の部」的「﹝D﹞史料文書類．7」（總130）《月令》卷的十五紙小殘片的研究，除了根據內容重新給予訂正為「月儀書三種及詩」外，並進行全面的整理和校勘，判斷那些是亡佚的文字，改正現存文獻的一些異文。甚至也將「月儀書三種」持與臺北中山博物院清故宮收藏的《唐人月儀書》及以敦煌文獻十三種卷號整理而成之《朋友書儀》進行比較研究，說明這類按月編輯的書信文儀，在印刷術還未出現之前，又不講究版權的時代，每常互相抄襲，或作增補及刪改。然而目前除了因書跡秀異而保存於書法的帖本之外，其餘皆已完全消失不見，使這種實情為大家所忽略。幸好西北各地因氣候特殊而保留真相，故使今日所出土的文獻多有大同小異的斷簡殘篇問世，說明昔日在注重門第禮法的風氣及薦舉用人的制度下，為了避免有失家教禮儀及身份，不但大量的摹寫，以備格式之套用，更是識字進階的習誦之作，補充庶民教育普及性之不足。

This Research is based on the fifteen relic pieces of Yue Ling, [D] the Category of Historical Data and Instruments sevenand the Chinese Section of Nakamura Fusetsuki's manuscripts. Except renaming it as “Three Kinds of Yue Yi Shu and Poems” according to the text content, overall sorting and collation of these pieces is conducted to ascertain the lost content and to correct differences among existing documents. Furthermore, I make comparisons between “Three Kinds of Yue Yi Shu and Poems”, “Tang Ren Yue Yi Shu” (stored in Taipei National Palace Museum), and “Peng You Shu Yi” (organized out of Thirteen Dun-Huang manuscripts), to clarify plagiarism and modifications that were a common phenomenon for these monthly letter formalities, in the era when typography had not been invented and concept of copyrights had not appeared. However, these letter formalities have an except few that were preserved in the calligraphy book for their distinctive calligraphy writing, had completely vanished, such that these phenomenon were almost ignored. Fortunately, because of the special climate in West-Northern China, there were similar relic pieces discovered among excavated documentation. This illustrates that under the social system of recommending and the atmosphere of emphasizing the hierarchy and etiquette, these letter formalities were not only massively replicated to avoid ill manner for format imitation, but to also provide supplementary exercises to deal with the problems of literacy and the dissemination of education.