豎義綴文，事詞錯出──論何良俊《語林》對《世說新語》文體的因革

Upright Meaning in Literary Composition and Interplay between Affairs and Terms: He Liangjun's Yulin and its Innovation of Literary Style towards Shishuo Xinyu (A New Account of the Tales of the World)

何良俊（1506-1573）於嘉靖29年（1550）所完成之《語林》，對《世說新語》的文體結構有所審視，在文本的話語系統與編碼方式的辯證間，做出相應的變化與翻新，使得《世說新語》的文體結構有所發展。本文以何良俊《語林》對《世說新語》文體的因革為研究課題，採取文學文體學的視角，爬梳《語林》在類目與門類小序所涵攝的敘事問題，借助語言學的工具性，釐析《何氏語林》的敘事模式，指出文體支配性規範的移位，掌握《語林》對《世說新語》文體轉化的迹轍。何良俊《語林》強化垂訓的內容題材，透顯名教與歷史意識，衍生以事詞兼攝的語體特性，帶來明代「世說體」側重實用的先聲，向傳統史傳徵實的紀事目的回歸，逐漸遠離《世說新語》語言簡約玄遠、爾雅有韻的意味，轉化了「遠實用而近娛樂」的文體性質。文體是一種變動的存在，其發展變化是一種漸變的狀態，何良俊《語林》文體的轉化，屬於《世說新語》文體內部的調整，此一轉化，將其後之世說體的編撰，領向備一代之遺的史學之途。

Yulin, completed in the 29th year of the Jiajing reign (1550) by He Liangjun (1506-1573), has carefully examined the structure of literary genres within Shishuo Xinyu (A New Account of the Tales of the World). It also makes corresponding changes and innovations to the development of Shishuo styles through the dialectical process between the text's linguistic and categorical encodings on the literal version. This article attempts to take the perspective of stylistics to concurrently explicate the narrative subject matters on the classifications and the prefaces of categories in Yulin. Also, with the aid of the instrumental usage of linguistics, it elaborates on the narrative pattern of He's Yulin to point out the transfer of dominants in literary genre, and to bring out the track of stylistic derivation in Yulin toward Shishuo Xinyu. He's Yulin aims to consolidate the substance of ethics to manifest the norms and historical conscience, therefore concurring with the stylistic features of Shi (affairs) and Ci (terms). Furthermore, this work takes the initiative to place emphasis on the pragmatics of Shishuo Styles during the Ming Dynasty, to echo back to the narrative purpose of historical treatise and biographical facts, which gradually keeps the stylistic feature aloof from being concise, thought-provoking, elegant and connotative in theme in Shishuo Xinyu - shifting the prevailing stylistic nature of “not being for the pragmatic purpose, but just for pleasure instead”. With the nature of changeable being, the derivation of literary genre in He's Yulin, falling into the same category of inner adjustment of Shishuo Xinyu, is somewhat a process of gradual change. And thereafter, the stylistic variation has led the compiling and writing of Shishuo Styles back to the historical approach for a good prospect of a new age.