誰在說原住民／少數民族的故事？──論杜修蘭《沃野之鹿》與遲子建《額爾古納河右岸》的歷史書寫

Who is Telling the Story of the Indigenous People and Minorities? On the Historical Writing of The Deer of Fertile Fields by Du Xiulan and The Right Shore of the Argun by Chi Zijian

兩岸漢人作家所寫的原住民文學／少數民族文學，因政治、文化以及作家個人身分背景的差異，使得關懷重心呈現可堪對比之處。本文以21世紀初兩岸漢族女作家杜修蘭《沃野之鹿》（2002）、遲子建《額爾古納河右岸》（2005）這兩部分別描寫臺灣凱達格蘭族、中國大陸鄂溫克族的長篇小說，探討他者／主流文化關注原住民文學／少數民族文學的主要元素有哪些？原始文化除了具有「桃花源」象徵意涵外，在現代社會中被視為異端邪說的巫術文化真實／寓意為何；已被異族佔領的傳統生活空間其「歷史感」如何消失或再現；而兩岸漢人作家由文學創作中詮釋、或再述原住民／少數民族歷史隱喻了何種現實，以上這些都是本論文所欲探討的問題。

The literature about indigenous people and minorities by Han writers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are worth comparing in terms of differences in politics, culture and personal identity. This paper will examine the main elements of concern on the other and mainstream culture within the literature and will pay special attention to the indigenous people and minorities by analyzing and comparing The Deer of Fertile Fields by Du Xiulan and The Right Shore of the Argun by Chi Zijian. The former of these two novels is about the Ketagalan people of Taiwan and was published in 2002; the latter involves the Ewenki people of mainland China, which was published in 2005. What is the authentic and allegorical meaning of the witchcraft culture which has been seen heresy in modern society, in addition to the symbolic meaning of primitive culture as an ideal utopia? How does the historical sense of traditional living spaces, which is occupied by an alien race, disappear and reappear? What kind of reality do these two Han writers mean metaphorically by interpreting and re-narrating the history of the indigenous-minority people? This paper will try to provide answers to these questions.