尊杜與貶杜──論陸時雍與王夫之的杜詩選評

Appreciations and Criticisms of Du Fu's Poems: A Study on Lu Shiyong and Wang Fuzhi's Selected Anthologies of Du's Poems

陸時雍（?-?）的《唐詩鏡》及王夫之（1619-1692）的《唐詩評選》，都是明清之際有名的唐詩選本，選本中杜甫詩的入選量也都高居首位，七律的成就更是遠邁有唐其他詩家。如果選本是選家批評意識的延伸，反映出選家編選的標準與態度，陸、王兩家唐詩選本的杜詩選錄數量高居第一，應寓有推尊杜詩之意，但令人不解的是，陸、王兩家評論杜詩時，卻經常出現負面意見，如陸時雍曾言：「心托少陵之藩而欲追風雅之奧，豈可得哉？」王夫之甚且有「風雅罪魁，非杜其誰邪？」之言，如果杜詩並非兩人心目中真正推崇的唐詩典範，那麼唐詩選本中選錄最多的意義何在？學界目前對於上述的詩學矛盾現象，多著眼於兩家「如何」貶杜以及「何以」貶杜，卻往往忽略陸時雍、王夫之在「貶杜」之餘，杜詩卻也是兩家唐詩選本中選錄最多的事實。本文遂擬在前人研究基礎上，針對陸、王兩家「貶杜」與「尊杜」之間的矛盾現象進行爬梳，尤其是兩家唐詩選本何以選錄杜詩最多的深意，期能對兩家的詩論及兩家所選出的杜詩樣貌，有更周全的觀照與思考。

Wang Fuzhi's The Anthology of Tang Poetry and Lu Shiyong's Tangshi Jing (A Mirror of Tang Poetry) are two anthologies which were widely known during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Within these two anthologies, the compilers select a great amount of Du Fu's poems, which means the two compilers highly valued tine literary prowess in Du Fu's poetry, an evaluation which reflects their literary standards and judgments. However, negative commentary frequently appears in these two anthologies; commentaries even argue that Du Fu may have ruined poetic arts. Thus, why had they anthologized such a great amount of Du Fu's poems if they did not regard Du's poems as the paragon of Tang poetry? Currently, the phenomenon mentioned above has been discussed in academia, yet scholars are merely inclined to study how and why Du Fu's poems were depreciated and ignored the main point: that Du's poems were heavily anthologized compared to other Tang poets. This study is built on the basis of previous' studies to probe further into this problem, to establish Lu and Wang's reasoning for anthologizing Du's poems.