並列連詞「以及」的歷時演變與功能探索

The Diachronic Evolution of the Coordinating Conjunction ＂Yi Ji＂ and Investigation of its Function

「以及」是宋代新興的前置並列連詞，由連詞「以」與動詞「及」的跨層組合凝固而成。本文有三點發現：1.將語料從近代漢語擴及現代漢語，做縱向的歷時演變考察，「以及」經過語法化，運用「重新分析」、「類推」、「隱喻」機制，從有實義的跨層的非詞結構降類為虛義的連詞，這個過程也是詞彙化的體現。2.考察「以及」的功能變化。「以及」是現代常見的並列連詞，連接的對象多元，除了連接功能之外，還有列舉、分類、劃界或標誌層次的功能，現代的「以及」常跟其他並列連詞或標點符號搭配出現，連接項從有順序性逐漸擴充為無順序性的並列。3.連接有順序性並列項的「以及」不是對稱命題，為不典型的並連式。相反地，連接無順序性並列項的「以及」才是對稱命題，是標準的並連式。

“Yi ji” is a coordinating conjunction which emerged during the Song Dynasty. It is a trans-layered combination of the conjunction “yi” and the verb “ji” which gradually solidified into its present form. This paper has three findings: 1. Observing the corpus from Early Mandarin Chinese up through Contemporary Mandarin Chinese, investigation of the diachronic evolution of “yi ji” has shown that it has undergone the process of grammaticalization. Using reanalysis, analogizing, and metaphorical mechanism, “yi ji” evolved from having the trans-layered structure of a notational word into a function word conjunction. This process is a manifestation of lexicalization. 2. Observation of the functional changes of “yi ji.” “Yi ji” is one of the commonly seen conjunctions in Contemporary Mandarin Chinese, and its conjoined objects are even more diverse. In addition to the conjoining function, it also performs the functions of classification, delimitation, or level indication. “Yi ji” often appears in collocation with other coordinating conjunctions or punctuation, it’s conjoining gradually having expanded from sequential to non-sequential juxtaposition. 3. The conjoining sequential coordinating conjunction “yi ji” is not a symmetrical proposition, but rather a variant form of the coordinating conjunction type. The conjoining non-sequential coordinating conjunction “yi ji” is a symmetrical proposition, the standard parataxis form.