楊簡的「不起意」思想及其易學詮釋

Yang Jian's ＂Bu Qi Yi＂ Thoughts and Its Interpretation of Yi-ology

本文欲研究楊簡如何以其「不起意」思想來貫穿其易學之詮釋。首先，先陳述楊簡生平的八次大覺，可知他早年常沉浸於神秘的覺悟經驗。然而，經過其師陸九淵的指點之後，漸漸轉為儒家式的對道德本心的一種徹悟，晚年就有了「克艱」、「日夜兢兢」等體會，即落實於戰戰兢兢、戒慎恐懼做「不起意」的工夫型態。進而，本文引述其〈絕四記〉及〈己易〉兩篇重要的文獻。其中，〈絕四記〉中的「此心無體，清明無際，本與天地同範圍」，以及〈己易〉中的「《易》者，己也」、「天地，我之天地；變化，我之變化」，這是把天道、天地萬物皆歸於一心的境界，可視為是對其師「宇宙便是吾心，吾心即是宇宙」的印證。而且，當我們更深入研究《楊氏易傳》中的各卦爻，發現楊簡的「不起意」除了是一本心境界外，更可說是一套完整的成德工夫。所以，楊簡在其易學詮釋中所展示的「不起意」，正可補足陸九淵的思想，象山的立其大、發明本心實為易簡之道，而楊簡能藉著易經的各卦、各爻，來道出了在人生的不同情境之中如何運用做工夫，這就使得象山心學能增添了更細緻、深微的工夫論。

This paper intends to study how Yang Jian runs through his interpretation of Yi-ology with his ＂Bu Qi Yi＂ thoughts. Firstly, this paper states the eight great awakenings in Yang Jian's life, which reveals that he was always immersed in mysterious awakening experience in his early years. However, after Lu Jiu Yuan's instructions, he gradually turned to a Confucian understanding of the moral essence. He had the feelings of ＂overcoming difficulties＂ and ＂being conscientious day and night＂, which is to implement in the style of ＂Bu Qi Yi＂ to be cautious and conscientious and have reverence where he cannot hear or see. Furthermore, this paper quotes two important documents of ＂Jue Si Ji＂ and the ＂Ji Yi＂, which can be regarded as a confirmation of his teacher's idea of ＂the universe is my heart and my heart is the universe＂. Moreover, the hexagrams in Yang's Yi-ology more deeply, we find that Yang Jian's ＂Bu Qi Yi＂ is not only a state of mind, but also a complete set of accomplishments. Therefore, Yang Jian's ＂Bu Qi Yi＂ in his interpretation of Yi-ology can complete Lu Jiu Yuan's thoughts. Xiang shan's creation of the original mind is actually an easy way of Yi, while Yang Jian can use the hexagrams of the Yi-Ching to interpret how to use the ＂Bu Qi Yi＂ style in different situations of life, which makes Xiang shan's theory of mind more detailed and subtle.