金元七總管傳說與信仰之調查研究──以張家港市與湖州地區為例

Study on Folktales of ＂Governor Jin Yuan Qi＂ in Zhang Jia Gang and Hu Zhou Cities

江南地區的民間信仰中有一總管神，傳說神姓金，家中排行第七，故又稱金元七、金七、金總管等。在歷史方志文獻中，他原稱「利濟侯金元七總管」，傳說是元代一位能陰翊海運，被封為「利濟侯」的總管，明代發展成庇護漕運的神祇，成為壯大漕運的傳說人物。明末漕運沒落，又順應江南農村的人民生活，信仰形象隨之轉變，受封為「隨糧王」，地方總管廟每年皆有慶典祭祀。隨著時代發展，江南地區百姓甚至將他視為財神供奉者。但在張家港地區的傳說和民間信仰中，以其特殊面貌存在，他搖身一變成為「金神」，是抗倭英雄，得到百姓的愛戴與祭祀，並編成寶卷講唱，在民間傳說、信仰風俗中都有他的身影，並年年盛典加以緬懷。而太湖流域地區也是金總管信仰分佈的區域，沿著環太湖區域都有總管廟的存在，當地農民以金總管為地方性的守護神，祈求農作物豐收，故本論文就寶卷、俗曲與民間故事探查金元七總管傳說傳唱模式與風俗信仰轉變，並兼論張家港與湖州地區的總管信仰。湖州地區為漕運必經之地，總管廟林立，是總管信仰發展的核心地區，而張家港金村所保留並持續發展的金村廟會，則是現今規模最大的總管廟會，故本文以這二個地區為析論對象。

This study explores the religious cult on ＂Governor Jin Yuan Qi＂ in southern China. The worship of Governor Jin Yuan Qi began in the Song Dynasty. According to the legend references, Governor Jin Yuan Qi was a patron whose to protect the seafarers and therefore he was also remembered as the guardian governor of grain tribute system in Ming Dynasty. After the grain tribute system completely fallen in the late Ming period, conformed to the trend of country life, ＂Governor Jin Yuan Qi＂ was transformed into ＂God of food＂. As time goes by, his characters' images kept renovating and finally became the ＂God of Wealth＂. In the legend and folk belief of Zhang Jia Gang region, ＂Governor Jin Yuan Qi＂ is widely worshiped and recognized in their folklore, custom, and belief. The cult of Governor Jin Yuan Qi spreads within in Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang province, covering the Taihu Lake basin area. The majority of farmers and others believed Governor Jin Yuan Qi as a god and patron, people offer sacrifices for a good harvest and protection for the coming year. Hence, this paper to probe the transformation of customs, and beliefs on Governor Jin Yuan Qi's folktales based on the Bao Juan libretto, folk song and folklore in Zhang Jia Gang and Hu Zhou Cites.