年誌書寫：論劉克莊「自壽詞」的自我形象

Compiling Annals: On the Self-Image in Liu Ke Zhuang's ＂Ci-poetry for Birthday Self-Congratulation＂

詞體與流行文化有密切的連結，具有抒情、社交以及娛樂等實用功能；詞人的創作目的從「應歌」到「應社」，甚至成為節慶祝壽的社交餽贈。壽詞從「壽他」轉向「自壽」的對象轉移，實際上已成為一種抒情言志的新形式。本文從宋元交際應用類書「慶壽門」的分類觀念切入，討論時人對壽詞的認知。其次，探討劉克莊歷年「自壽詞」所展現的生平經歷及心境轉折。文中指出劉克莊習慣編寫甲子的時間意識，源於對作品傳世的自覺，並就朝官、儒士、隱逸高士等自我形象的選擇，歸結劉克莊如何透過「自壽詞」，在新變中張揚自己的狂豪之氣與怨怒之音，形成風格獨具的「後村別調」。

The style of Ci liaised closely with the popular culture and served practical functions such as sentimental expression, social intercourse and entertainment. However, the purpose of Ci had shifted from creating a convivial atmosphere for gatherings to social activities of, say, poetry clubs. Ci works even became the gifts that poets presented at celebratory feasts. This talk deals with Liu Ke Zhuang, a renowned poet who flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a special focus on his life and the self-image he manifested in his ＂Ci-poetry for Birthday Self-Congratulation.＂ The receivers of Ci-poetry for birthday congratulation had changed from the hosts to the Ci writers themselves, which implied that Ci-poetry had become a new literary form for expressing one's sentiments and ambitions. This variant of Ci happened to be suitable for Liu to exude his bold and unconstrained temperament as well as to vent his grudges and wrath.