政府資訊公開法制的誕生與臺灣史研究脈動（2000－2008）

The Birth of Freedom of Government Information Law System and Trend of Taiwan Historical Study (2000-2008)

臺灣社會要求公開政府資訊的意識與需求，在1987年解嚴前後逐漸浮現。來自美國法的相關學說，在90年代以後的民主化轉型過程中，方普遍為法學界與大法官所接受。立法上，檔案法與政府資訊公開法的倡議與制定階段中，在野的民進黨亟欲藉此打開國民黨政府的行政黑箱，進而抗衡行政威權。然而，兩法施行時點，剛好都落在過去不遺餘力倡議該法、長期做為反對黨的民進黨政府執政時期，當要起步實踐這套繼受自美國法的法規範時，政府部門長期以來漠視檔案管理的狀況與慣性，卻是不能不面對的困境。在臺灣史學研究濃厚的實證研究傳統下，史料的有無，關乎一塊學術研究領域能否成形、茁壯。檔案法制的起步，大大開拓了戰後臺灣政治史的研究空間。民進黨政府在特定的政治意識下，為了轉型正義所徵集的「國家檔案」，為戰後臺灣政治史，特別是白色恐怖研究，提供了學術研究所必需的檔案基礎，吸引學院內的師生投身於是。但如果從「人民史觀」的歷史書寫角度出發，為了使研究議題不致與政治過度結合，避免研究議題單受國家檔案牽引，實應致力改善「機關檔案」的應用便利性，以滿足個人的研究關懷，創造戰後臺灣史研究更多元的書寫空間。

The call for a disclosure of government information gradually emerged around 1987, namely after the lifting of martial law, yet not until the democratization of Taiwan in the 1990s were international theories concerning freedom of information accepted by legal scholars and Council of Grand Justices. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) played an active part in the legislative process as it attempted to use the “The Archives Act” and “The Freedom of Government Information Law” to uncover government abuse and undermine the authoritarian rule of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) regime. Historical research in Taiwan with its emphasis on empirical studies depends on sufficient historical data. The passing of the “The Archives Act” not only provided researchers with historical materials, but also encouraged teachers and students alike to devote themselves to the study of Taiwanese political history, the “white terror” period in particular. However, according to the principles of popular history research topics ought to be selected by researchers instead of political factors. Therefore further improvements of the accessibility of “Government agency records”, especially a diversification of historical writings, are necessary.