中日兩國文學裡的「猿神退治」譚──以『今昔物語集』與唐代傳奇為主

The ape stories found in Konjaku monogatari (Ancient Japanese Literature) and the short tales from Tang Dynasty (Ancient Chinese Literature)

中日兩國的文學裡收錄了不少與猿有關的故事，這些故事也未必都是兩者和平共處的故事，當中也有人與猿爭鬥的「猿神退治」類型的故事，在日本現存古代的說話文學當中最早收錄「猿神退治」類型故事者當屬『今昔物語集』卷二十六的「美作國神依獵師謀止生贄語第七」及「飛彈國猿神止生贄語第八」的兩則故事，這兩則故事與中國的故事有何關連呢？此外，其又與中國同類型的故事有何異同呢，是一饒富趣味的問題，拙論作為探討中日兩國古代故事的關連及異同之一環，特別聚焦於『今昔物語集』這兩則故事，以考察中日兩國故事的相關性及「猿神退治」譚之異同。

Tales about Apes and humans can be easily identified both in Japanese and Chinese literature. Among these tales, humans and apes do not necessarily have a peaceful coexistence. The “Monkey God Extermination (Sarugami Taiji)” genre depicts man and ape at war. Two tales from the Scroll 26 of Konjaku Monogatari are the earliest records of the (“Monkey God Extermination (Sarugami Taiji)” genre) which can still be seen today. This thesis is going to exam these two tales and their similarities and differences to those of the same genre from China. Having previously researched connections between ancient Chinese and Japanese tales, this research focuses on these two tales from Konjaku Monogatari with the purpose of examining the difference between ancient Japanese‘Setsuwa’[說話]and Chinese Tales.