“MAA”的使用傾向分析──為提供更好的會話指導上之說明

An Analysis of the Usage of the Expression 'Maa': Towards a Better Conversation Instructions

本篇論文乃針對“MAA”的使用機能、出現位置與適當的使用場合三方面做一詳細解析。筆者認為“MAA”的原義應是「說話者即時的感受預告」，而「保持個人模糊立場」與「維持對話流暢」則是由原義分化出來的用法。有關“MAA”的出現位置之分析，則針對“MAA”的前項表達與後項表達，來比較日語母語話者與非母語話者之異同。分析的對話資料有ET（JJ）（TJ）與KY資料語庫，資料語庫中之對話皆採一對一之面談形式進行。有關“MAA”出一對一之面談形式進行。有關“MAA”出現位置之主要分析結果有五；（1）由「接續型之表達」與「說話者的感受陳述」之間出現'MAA'的比率較多之現象推論，“MAA”確實擁有預告個人即時的判斷或感受之特質。（2）“MAA”的前項表達中的「標幟型之表達」，以'CANOO…E（長音）''E”'HAI”'UN”'E（下降音調）”'N（長音）”的總出現率最高（62.7%）。（3）'A（促音）”'UWA”等表達乃屬於說話者內在層面突然發生的緊急感受表達;而“MAA”則用於因外在事物引發說話者欲表達自身之感受。因此“A（促音）”“UWA”與“MAA”之結合使用較難產生。（4）日語母語話者們在“MAA”之前項表達裡較集中使用標幟型與接續型之表達;而日語能力較低之學習者們則傾向隨意使用'MAA”。（5）比起“MAA”的後項，“MAA”的前項較容易出現標幟型之表達。此外，論文最終節則針對某些無法使用“MAA”的狀況與場合做一探討。

The purpose in this research is to analyze the function, appearing way and the proper usage of“Maa”. The primary meaning of“Maa”is that someone prepares to claim his viewpoint at some specific moment. The usage of“Maa”which showing vague situation and making utterance fluently originates from the primary meaning of “Maa”. The data for analysis are ET corpus (JJ) (TJ) and KY corpus. All of conversations are interview-style conversations which occurring one-on-one. The appearing way of “Maa” were examined by analyzing the expressions in front and back of “Maa”, and after comparing the usages of “Maa” between Japanese native and non-native speakers the main viewpoints can be took up as follows: (1)The appearance ratio of “Maa” is high between “the expression used as conjunction” and “the statement of speaker’ s claim”. This fact shows that “Maa” is an expression showing someone preparing to claim his viewpoint at some specific moment. (2) The appearance ratio of the expressions likes “ANOO”“E(prolonged sound)” “E” “HAI” “UN” “E (fall intonation)” “N (Prolonged sound)” are high in front of “Maa” (62.7%). (3)“A (with double consonant)”“UWA” are the expressions showing urgent feeling.“Maa” is the expression showing viewpoints about others. The former and latter rarely appears together. (4)In the data of Japanese native speakers, the usages of the expressions used as markers or conjunctions are more over than other expressions in front of “Maa”. The basic Japanese learners seem to tend to use “Maa” by random. (5)The expressions which regarded as marker in front of “Maa” will be more than in back of “Maa”. Some improper usages of “Maa” have been explained in the last section of this paper.