對於動詞「流す」所作的框架結構之分析──｢川に笹舟を流す｣句中的｢流す｣所作的框架為中心

An Analysis of the Frame Structure and its Function in the Japanese Verb “nagasu”–Analyzing the Frame Structure Function of “nagasu” in the sample sentence「川に笹舟を流す」

本稿的目的在於究明以下二點：（1）考察動詞所作的框架」（frame）的概念及本稿的立場、而圖示動詞「流す」所作的框架的意義構造、（2）分析動詞「流す」所作的框架結構在因為說話者改變視點而產生表現上的變化時，框架的概念究竟實際上如何發揮其機能。本稿將對這二點以認知意義論上的框架分析法為基礎，進行分析、並解明。接下來，藉由依階段分析、考察伴隨說話者視點變化所產生的表現上的變化過程，將明示以下三點：（1）要怎樣釐清表現上發生變化的過程？總而言之，動詞「流」所作出的框架結構，與構成顯在化與潛在化的句子成分的所有成員都有關係，（2）這些成員之間以語言上的關係相互結合，（3）說話者應該將句子中哪個句子成分焦點化，結果在表現上發生變化時，框架的機能和變化有甚麼樣的關係。

By applying cognitive linguistic ”frame” theory, this paper analyzes the frame structure and its function in the Japanese verb ”流す(nagasu)”. The first part of the paper discusses diverse perspectives, presented to clarify the basic semantic concept of the frame theory and to state the author's view. To summarize the discussion, the frame structure of the verb ”nagasu” is illustrated. The second component analyzes the function of the frame structure. The sentence「川に笹舟を流す=I threw a boat made of bamboo leaf into a river, and let it flow down」is used as an example. The paper analyzes in a linear fashion how the frame structure of ”nagasu” functions according to the speaker's changes of expression. These changes are made by shifting the focus of attention to certain parts of speech within the sentence. In conclusion, this paper illustrates that semantic elements forming the frame structure of ”nagasu” include parts of speech verbally communicated by the speaker as well as parts of speech that are latent. Latent semantic elements are not spoken, but exist as elements that form the frame structure. In addition, these latent elements are placed under the semantic condition termed ”stand-by.” The paper observes the following: (1) latent elements can be activated instantly when the speaker switches the focus of attention; (2) both parts of speech whether spoken or latent are semantically joined and together, form the frame structure; and (3) the function of the frame structure is critical in transforming latent stand-by elements to active participants in the part of speech verbally communicated by the speaker.