有關接尾詞'-garu'之考察──以與形容詞之接續為中心

A Study on the Suffix '-garu': Centering on the Conjuncture with Adjectives

有關接尾「-garu」之用法，截至目前之各種研究，或謂表示緣於非語言行動作性，或謂藉以掌握人內部情感轉化為外部行動時一連串之過程，要之皆著眼於動的層面，惟諭者間之見解並不盡一致。本研究承續各先行研究之成果，以形容詞為中心，就有關接尾詞「-garu」及其相關方面加以考察。其主要結果如下：（1）使用「-garu」時，「-garu」接續之語詞必須具有受到外界事象所觸發而於句中主語之內側層面引起該形容之語意內容之性質；（2）「-garu」係當形容詞所具有之內側－－亦即深層－－之感情•感覺露呈於外側－－亦即表層－－之層面時所使用。此即「-garu」之功能。其雖亦常付隨非語言行動，但非語言行動之功能僅止於輔助認知感情•感覺之表象化而已；（3）使用「-garu」時，一般而言，形容所表示語意內容之程度會加深，超越neuteal而進入plus的境域；（4）感情•感覺自深層經表層、透過行動呈現、接著主語狀態之變化、以迄經由人為刺激而引起感情對象樣態之變化，此一連串動態之各個階段，依序為：形容語、「-garu」動詞、「-mu」類動詞、「-ru•-maru」類動詞、「-meru」類動詞等，其定位相當明確；（5）自前述這定位，亦可清楚掌握「-garu」動詞志「-mu」類動詞之差異。即，前者內含形容形容本來之語意，依然具有形容詞性質之功能，後者由於係透過行動具體呈現，故擔負動詞性質之功能。

Concerning tire suffix ”-guru”, some say it indicates the action of non-linguistic movement, some say it is used to control ho changing process from internal emotions to external actions. As opinions vary, no unanimous conclusion can be drawn. Centering on adjectives, this paper tries to inquire into tire suffix ”-garu” and tire problems correlated with it. Our findings are as follows: 1. The words and phrases following ”-guru” must have a property: when sparked by outside objects, they can draw forth the meanings of the adjectives in the deeper inside of the subject. 2. When we use ”-guru”, the deeper emotions and footings of the adjectives usually come to the surface, and become and apparent. 3. When we use ”-garu”, the meanings of the adjectives will go deeper-beyond the state of ”neutral”, into the state of ”plus”. 4. Corresponding with the varying stages of our commotions and feelings are adjectives, verbs with ”-guru”, ”-mu” verbs. ”-ru-maru” verbs, ”-meru” verbs, and so on. 5. The differences between verbs with ”-garu” and ”-mu” verbs urn very clear: the former still posters the nature and function of adjectives, the latter bear the function of verbs.