日本「桃太郎」傳說故事的原像

The original outline of “Momotaro”

「桃太郎」故事，是日本家家戶曉的傳說故事，也是日本古來最有名的五大傳說故事之一。有關其起源，已有很多的學者以此為題，從事研究。其中尤以柳田國男的『桃太郎的誕生』及石田英一郎的『桃太郎之母』等為最具代表。柳田國男稱“擁有靈異的小童神，來臨，睗福德”為「童子物語（小子物語）」，是日本古來傳說故事的最喜愛題材，「桃太郎」故事即其典型。石田英一郎則指說：水神往往以童子之形現身，在中國也常見，此「桃太郎」故事的背後，存著有世界共通的母子神信仰。本論文異於以往觀點，從另一個角度，通過與中國古來的儺文化、特別是辟邪信仰的比較，以探討「桃太郎」故事的起源與真諦。眾所周知、「桃太郎」故事的人物構成，是以主角的桃太郎、配角的狗、猴子、雉雞、以及鬼島的眾妖（鬼）所成。「桃太郎」意謂著甚麼？狗、猴子、雉雞、及鬼島的眾「鬼」又有何意？其結論，「桃太郎」傳說故事整體說來，可說是由驅邪、趕鬼信仰意識下，文藝化、所發展出來的作品。

The story of momotaro is the most home known for everyone, and is one of the five most famous stories. Many scholar have focused on when it origins and researched for it. “The birth of Momotaro” and “The mother of Momotaro” of Yisidaeiyitu are the two representatives. Ynagitakunio names “the kid god possess magic power comes and give blessing” as “little man story”, which has been the most famous story since before, and “Momotaro” is the stereotype of this kind of story. Yisidaeiyitu says, ”The God of water will show up as a kid. Besides, he often appears in the same way in China. The universal belief of parental god exists behind the story of Momotaro. Based on the ancient “nwow”, especially the culture of ghost-preventing. This thesis will discuss the origin and truth from another perspective which is different from the past. As we know, the story consist of Momotaro, the dog, the monkey, the chicken and the ghosts on the ghost land. What does “Momotaro” means? And what do the dog, monkey, chicken and the ghost stand for? In conclusion, on the whole, the story is under the cognition of development of ghost preventing.