三‧四級語彙表的分類模式探討

A Study of the Classified Vocabulary Used in Level3 and Level4

本文主要參考『分類語彙表』的研究成果，透過『類語大辭典』的分類模式，探討日語能力測驗三、四級語彙表的語意分類。結果顯示『類語大辭典』在範疇劃分、詞條項目以及品詞上有必要更進一步地加以修正、釐清、補充的瑕疵外，整體而言以動詞、形容詞為核心的句型描述架構，讓人耳目一新。基本句型描述應該包括必須成分的主語、賓語，已為熟知。但除此之外，有些隨意成分在句法上雖充當補語，但在語用、語意的因素考量下，也必須加以描述更符合語言的使用原則。本文在此原則下分析三、四級語彙，提供日語教學與日語研究上的參考。

This paper aims to analyze the semantic categorizations among those vocabulary used in level 3 and level 4 Japanese proficiency exams, based on the findings of The Classified Vocabulary List and Thesaurus Dictionary. Our results show that there is the necessity of revising the categories, keywords and parts of speech in Thesaurus Dictionary. In order to rectify this inadequacy, we propose a new approach by using verbs and adjectives as the core of sentence pattern. It is well-known that those necessary elements, such as subject and object, should be mentioned in order to define basic sentence patterns. Besides that, we argue some arbitrary elements should also be taken into consideration to achieve the pragmatic adequacy although they usually play the modifying role in sentence structure. We believe this paper provides a good material for Japanese teaching, learning and further studies.