跨國社福移工的訓練與在地經驗：社會融合觀點

Migrant Social Welfare Workers' Training and Localization Experiences in Long-term Care Facilities: A Social Inclusion View

照顧人力不足為推展長照服務主要困境，政府開放外籍看護工進入老人照護體制。本文檢視外籍看護工參與訓練現況，以機構勞動情境為主軸，分析影響教育訓練執行因素。本文採用質性研究，以半結構式深度訪談及田野觀察蒐集資料，研究對象為北部四家長照機構，訪談對象為外籍看護工及負責人、護理師、社工員、照服員。研究結果顯示長照機構直接照顧工作之分派與執行完全仰賴外籍看護工，來臺前在母國職前訓練多無法銜接及適用，外籍看護工之聘僱及訓練管理皆仰賴機構治理，透過「重整重訓」以達獨立工作目標；機構之組織型態與差異影響人力培訓與執行成效。研究建議訓練教材之設計與評值需考量外籍看護工在文化及語意的差異，訓練內容需融合照顧情境，增加臨床應用性。未來宜透過公私協力，制定照顧技術指導之工作標準，透過合宜訓練之建置，發展及建構外籍看護工在臺社會融合之重要機制。

The shortage of caregivers is a primary obstacle for promoting long-term care services in Taiwan. The Taiwanese government therefore opened up the foreign care workers (FCWs) association to enter the formal elderly care systems. The aim of this research was to analyze the current situation of FCWs participating in training, focusing on labor situations, and analyzing the factors affecting the implementation of education and training. This research applied qualitative methods, using field observations and in-depth interviews to collect data. Four long-term care facilities participated in this study. The subjects are foreign care workers and administrators, social workers and nursing staff. The study results revealed that the care work of long-term care facilities depends entirely on FCWs in Taiwan. Although the FCWs were trained before they came to Taiwan, their effectiveness was not as expected. Facilities need to pay attention to FCWs' recruitment training management and provide a comprehensive training program for them. Organizational differences affect the effectiveness of the implementation of on-the-job training. Finally, this research suggests that the design and evaluation of training materials need to consider the cultural and semantic differences of FCWs, as well as to evaluate the requirements of FCWs and the efficiency of training course. The standard operating procedures given to the FCWs need to be developed, along with government and private sectors cooperation. Establishing appropriate training has become an important mechanism for promoting the social inclusion needs of FCWs.