心物之間──從朱得之《莊子通義》一書見明代陽明學與莊學互涉之意義

Between Mind and Things: The Significant Relationship between Zhuangzi and the School of Mind from The General Sense of Zhuangzi by Zhu Dezhi

王門學者朱得之《莊子通義》雖為明代中期第一本完整的莊子註疏之作，但其書作為心學與莊學互動所展開的重要性，仍尚待體認。作為王門弟子，對良知有所理解與會心，自不免應用心學的資源註莊。但其註疏莊子，亦非有意將莊子嵌合儒門，而是通過相應的思想資源，找尋二家能互為對照的宗旨所在。在從學王門過程中，朱得之所關注的問題一直便是「物」與「良知」之間的感應關係，甚至對於萬物的重視，亦決定了其日後把握《莊子》的方式。因此，其面對嘉靖年間陽明學的各種紛呈異解，其借注疏《莊子》重新考量對物論的思考，深化了心學中對萬物的關注，亦積澱晚明莊子學往後的思想資源。本文試圖梳理此段被隱沒的思想史中間發展圖像，相信若能明白嘉靖時期陽明學與莊子學的交會，將會使我們對明代莊子學中的心物關係，以及與心學的複雜互動有更全面的認識。

Although the book The General Sense of Zhuangzi 莊子通義 by Zhu Dezhi 朱得之, a disciple of Wang Yangming 王陽明, was the first complete critical commentary on Zhuangzi 莊子 in the middle of the Ming dynasty, its importance regarding the interaction between the School of Mind 心學 and the Zhuangzi School of Thought 莊學 has still not been explored. As a disciple of Wang, if the conscience was understood and experienced to any extent, ideological resources from the School of Mind would inevitably be used to comment on Zhuangzi. The commentary does not suggest that the beliefs in Zhuangzi are consciously made to comply with Confucianism, but rather that a point can be found to mutually compare the objectives of the two schools of thought by using corresponding ideological resources. In learning from Wang Yangming, Zhu Dezhi's concern was always the inductive relationship between ＂things＂ 物 and ＂conscience＂ 良知. In fact, his emphasis on ＂things＂ would shape his future understanding of Zhuangzi. In light of the various interpretations of the Yangming School of Thought 陽明學, or Yangmingism, during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (1522-1566), Zhu can be said to have reassessed theories on ＂things＂ through a critical review of Zhuangzi, deepened the concern of ＂all things＂ 萬物 in the School of Mind, and accumulated ideological resources after studying the Zhuangzi School of Thought during the later period of the Ming dynasty. In this article, I attempt to comb through these once developing traces, which are gradually vanishing from this period of intellectual history, regarding these schools of thought. Through this study, I assert that a better grasp of the intersection between the two schools of Yangmingism and Zhuangzi during the Jiajing period is able to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between ＂mind＂ and ＂things＂ explored by the Zhuangzi School of Thought during the Ming dynasty and its complex interactions with the School of Mind.