專利物與著作重製物之首次銷售原則的適用區域

Territorial Limits of First-Sale Doctrine in Patented Goods and Copyrighted Works

美國聯邦最高法院在2013年3月，在Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley案就著作權首次銷售原則的地域適用範圍做出判決，卻於同月駁回Ninestar Technology Co. v. International Trade Commission案就專利權首次銷售原則的地域適用範圍的上訴請求。然而，專利權首次銷售原則是否受限於美國境內適用之爭議，再次見於Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Impression Prods., Inc.案，美國聯邦最高法院嗣於2017年5月做出終審判決，首揭美國專利物之販售地即使為美國境外，仍適用首次銷售原則，專利權人就該專利物所享有之專利權自得耗盡。是以，本文旨欲探討相隔四年，美國聯邦最高法院就首次銷售原則之適用地域範圍，於著作權與專利權兩法領域終於做出幾乎一致判決之影響，除了一明過去美國司法實務上就此問題之爭議，並透過美國司法實務遽然轉變之觀察，再重新檢視我國專利與著作權之相關現行法制，希冀未來若於專利權與著作權首次銷售原則之修法，能有所啟發。 In March 2013, the Supreme Court decided the territorial limits of the “first-sale doctrine” in Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley, but denied Ninestar's petition for writ of certiorari of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Ninestar Tech. Co. v. Int'l Trade Comm'n. Later, the same question about territory of patent exhaustion has arisen soon in Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Impression Prods., Inc., and expectedly the Supreme Court first ruled that an authorized sale outside the United States exhausted all rights under the Patent Act. Here, the Article aims to analyze how the effects might be after the Supreme Court made no geographical distinctions of the “first-sale doctrine” in both the Copyright Act and Patent Act, in four years after the ruling of Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley. By studying the U.S. statutes and the U.S. judicial exhaustion cases, this Article ends by suggesting some changes made to the current text of the exhaustion laws, respectively in Patent Act and Copyright Act in Taiwan.