臺灣農地經營規模之探討——以衝突型農村與傳統型農村農地產權實證分析為例

The investigation of Agricultural land management scale in Taiwan–Declaration of Conflicting Interests of Farmland properties in the contested countryside vs. traditional agriculture countryside in the empirical analysis

面對臺灣現階段農地產權細分、零碎，農民擁有的農地面積，平均規模小，農民年齡老化、收益不敷生計，衍生農業經營的困境，本文選取坐落於彰化縣的衝突型農村——崙雅村，與傳統農業型農村——潮洋村，以實證調查比較分析方式，探討台灣農業經營規模的真實概況。研究發現：農民擁有的農地，不論產權無有細分零碎，亦不論單純或複雜，率皆保持耕作狀態，顯示「農地必須農用」，在農民心目中，是無可置疑的共識。實證地區，農民擁有農地所有權的面積規模，固然僅有0.2－0.3公頃，惟，無心經營之農民，多以口頭約定的農地租賃，或無租借用方式，釋出耕作權利，讓農地繼續保持耕作，有心務農者，實際耕作規模，包括耕作自有農地，以及他人農地，平均規模3.50公頃！農戶單位人口平均耕作面積，已擴大為1953年的4倍！ The purpose of this article to review the evidence of reality farmland in Taiwan regarding to its issues of property segmentation, scrappy, the agricultural land area by farmers, the small average size, the age of farmers, the low agriculture income without livelihood and the difficulties of agricultural management. The article begins comparative analysis of empirical study with respect to conflict between the contested countryside, Lun Ya Village, and the traditional agriculture countryside, Chaoyang Village. This article describes and discusses based on the reality of agricultural land management scale. The investigation found out the term of agri-land for agricultural usages to utilize by simple farming or complex farming, no matter the property itself showed property segmentation or scrappy agricultural land belongs to farmers. The consensus of cognition among farmers is unquestionable. The average size of farmland ownership in the empirical village is 0.2-0.3 hectare. The average size of farmland ownership in the empirical village is 0.2-0.3 hectare. However, those unwilling operating farmers release their farming right by the oral farming lease or gratuitous farming to continue the agriculture cycles in the reality. In sum, the averages of real farming scale include their own farmland and others are 3.5 hectare for those willing operating farmers. In fact, the average cultivated area has expanded four times by population of farmer since 1953.