遵憲漢詩中的新加坡形象──兼與晚清遊記的雙重對照

The Image of Singapore in the Han Poems by Huang Zunxian–and Its Double Comparison with Travel Notes of the Late Qin Dynasty

黃遵憲自1891至1894年擔任中國首任駐新加坡總領事，在新期間積極保僑護僑，提倡華文教育。對比晚清旅人的新加坡書寫，黃遵憲的漢詩別具特色，一改中國旅人集中於土人黑膚紅唇、珍禽異獸的奇幻記錄，回歸現實與當地文化，反映出另一種四季如夏、物產豐美、多元族群並存的異地風貌。新加坡華人保存中國傳統文化，被多數中國旅人視為天威遠播的具體展現，被挪移為自身文化優勢的再確認。黃遵憲則在〈番客篇〉中變換不同視角，在多族文化並存與無法回歸的現實困境中，再現了一個多重轉折的中國形象，呈現出不同的詮釋與想像。 Huang Zunxian was assigned as the first Consul-General in Singapore from 1891 to 1894, during his tenure, he actively protected overseas Chinese and promoted Chinese language education. Compared with the writings on Singapore by some travelers in the late Qin Dynasty, the Han poems by Huang Zunxian are quite distinctive. Different from the fantastic stories written by most Chinese travelers who focus on the darker skin and red lips of aborigines, or the rare and valuable animals, his poems concentrate on the reality and local cultures, which demonstrates an exotic landscape where it's always summer, rich in natural resources, and multi-ethnic people live together. The preservation of traditional Chinese culture by the Chinese in Singapore, which was regarded by many Chinese travelers as a concrete manifestation of the propagation of Chinese cultural, was further considered as a reconfirmation of their own cultural superiority. In the “Chapter of the Overseas Chinese”, Huang Zunxian, from different angles of view, reproduced a repeatedly transitioned figure of China in a realistic predicament where multiethnic cultures coexisted together and they were unable to return back to their motherlands, presenting a different interpretation and imagination of the figure of China.