韓國的區域經濟發展：對經驗分享的意義

Regional Economic Development in Korea: Implications for Experiences-Sharing

The economic development issue has always been a fundamental preoccupation for many developing countries. Most of them have difficulties to execute on the regional economic development plans as well due to the lack of sufficient experiences, lack of a mid and long-term vision, experienced human capital and the central government's relevant leadership. They face challenges for local development policy-making as there are huge imbalances in economic and social development across the country. For the past six decades, Korea has achieved an efficient territorial, rural and local development by several different policy initiatives, though with ups and downs. This paper explores policy implications and lessons of Korean experiences for local development planning as follow. First, the Government agencies in efficient coordination with one another will be indispensable. Secondly, although the role of the local community/authorities is important, their capacities should be strengthened in advance. Thirdly, specialization in accordance with local endowments tourism included) and resources may not be the best strategy, but will be a second-best for the medium and long-terms. Fourth, due to Korea's rural modernization, developmental progress is possible while learning lessons. Fifth, while local development should be emphasized, the large cities themselves as local economies should not be disregarded. Sixth, any prioritization of localities could entail further political cost. 經濟發展的問題一直是許多發展中國家必須專注的基本課題。由於缺乏足夠經驗與中長期目標以及經驗豐富的人力資本與中央政府的相關領導能力，大多數發展中國家都難以落實他們區域經濟發展的計畫。也由於全國經濟與社會發展的嚴重不平衡，發展中國家面臨地方發展政策制訂的挑戰。在過去六十年裡，透過數個不同政策提案，儘管有所波折，韓國在國土、鄉村與地方發展上已達成相當有效率的成果。本文主旨即在探討韓國地方發展計畫的經驗對政策的意涵與教訓。