從廣州到荷里活：重探《琵琶怨》（1957）的電影改編與香港寓言

電懋影業公司（簡稱電懋），是香港1950、60年代最具代表性的電影公司之一。從1955－75年間製作了258部電影，大多數為國語電影，另外，電懋亦製作了39部粵語電影。電懋的粵語片至今仍然未受到學術界充分的關注，本文將會集中討論電懋攝製於1957年的粵語片《琵琶怨》（左几導演），以及它所體現的香港──廣東文化脈絡。另外，這部電影改編自荷里活美高梅公司（MGM）出品、查爾斯‧維多（Charles Vidor）導演的《琵琶怨》（Love Me or Leave Me，1955），在1950、60年代，荷里活電影是香港電影最重要的模仿／學習對象，而通俗劇是其中一種重要類型，當年不少香港電影都從流行小說、外國電影汲取靈感。本文以《琵琶怨》為焦點，探究電影文本背後隱藏的粵港區域網絡關係，以及當中透露的香港文化寓言。 Motion Pictures and General Investment Co Ltd (MP&GI) was one of the most significant film studios in Hong Kong during the 1950s and 60s. MP&GI produced 258 films between 1955 and 1975, of which most of them were Mandarin films. Despite being known for its Mandarin films, MP&GI began to produce Cantonese films in 1955, with a total of 39 films, spanning until 1966. These Cantonese films produced by MP&GI have received very little academic study, though they represent an interesting cultural phenomenon. My paper focuses on Tso Kea's film The Sorrowful Lute (The pipa's lament, 1957), and the cultural and cinematic connection between Hong Kong and Canton (Guangdong) that derived from this story. Hong Kong Film Industry's remakes of Hollywood films was common in Hong Kong during the 1950s and 60s. By retracing the cultural trajectories of these film adaptation remakes, I analyze the ways in which filmic representation intersects with political allegory. In addition, I examine how the HK-Canton cultural connection can be seen from the viewpoint of Cantonese opera history which was touched upon in the The Sorrowful Lute film.