機坪安全之風險因素與改善策略之探討－－以航空公司GDI事件為例

機坪安全為一重要航空議題，發生於機坪之地面傷損事件（Ground Damage Incidents）除發生率較其他意外事件高之外，航空公司每年地面傷損成本更高達40億美元。本研究依據IATA五大肇事因素為研究構面，篩選國內外GDI事件之肇事因素，建立影響機坪安全之風險因素之完整架構，採用決策實驗分析法（Decision Making Trail and Evaluation, DEMATEL）和分析網路程序法（Analytical Network Process, ANP）探討各項風險因素之因果關係及相對重要值，最終透過改善可行性分析得知重要度高且待優先改善之風險因素。本研究建議航空公司應將「未遵守標準作業程序」、「未遵守安全規定」、「未遵守個人防護裝備規定」、「作業經驗不足」、「不安全之作業裝備」、「欠缺標準作業程序」以及「未確實督導」作為擬定機坪安全管理策略的方向，期供相關單位及研究作為參考。 Ground damage incidents (GDI) continue to be the major concern in the ramp safety. GDI not only cause huge financial cost, but also damage airlines , reputation, such as repair costs, lost revenue, passenger inconvenience, increased maintenance workload. According to IATA 2015 annual review, ground damage costs airlines an estimated $4 billion per year. Therefore, airlines expect to reduce costs related to ground damages. The purpose of this study is to identify the main risk factors involved in ground damage incidents. First, 117 ground damage incidents from a major airline and reports of causal factors from IATA Ground Damage Database were reviewed to establish an applicable ramp safety framework. Furthermore, to find out the leading incident casual factors, Decision Making Trail and Evaluation (DEMATEL) method combined with the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method are adopted to analyze the influence relationship of risk factors and the relative importance of these 20 risk factors via expert questionnaire surveys. The result suggested that the seven risk factors allocated in the top priority implementation zone are“standard operating procedures＂“, safety regulations＂, “personal protective equipment＂“, lack of practice in the task＂“, unsafe for task＂, “lack of standard procedures＂and“inadequate supervision＂, which are ranked nigh both in importance and improvement-achievability. The paper contributes to provide the main risk factors for airlines, ground handling agencies and Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA). These risk factors can help them improve ramp safety and efficiency under the limited resource to avoid the accurence of GDI.