中文摘要 |
傳統工藝在主題的表現上,大量運用「象徵」的手法,將不同的圖文組合而成蘊藏吉語的新圖式。這類藉由物象之諧音、象徵、指事、聯想等手法配合吉祥語,再以圖文表現於民俗工藝的種類相當繁多,有一音所轉、同音異字的安排,有借音取義,組合成典的裝飾構圖。然而有些吉祥圖案,因其搭配的「吉祥語」源自於典故,而承載了更為隱晦的文化意義。如寓意為官應清廉自許,以三隻鷺鷥與成品字排列的蓮花、蓮蓬組成的「三絲品蓮」;或是台灣匠師俗稱的「白菜貓」,以諧音「耄」的貓表示高壽的一生,與象徵「清白」的白菜所組成的「一世清白」,均是宅第或家祠常見的實例。而另一個常見的實例則為獅與象,其或於斗座上以單一的獅座、象座呈現,或於雀替、牆堵上與其他祥物組合成圖,甚至在「祈求吉慶」與「博古花卉」等題材上,以「坐騎」或「獅駝鼎爐、象荷果盤」的特定造型呈現,這類特定的造型,尤見於泉州派匠師群所承作的廟宇或宅第。因此,本文擬就傳統建築的裝飾題材,針對其吉祥典故的由來、生成的法則,一一解析,並以「連年有餘、連生貴子」與「象負果盤、獅駝鼎爐」為例,審視其可能傳達的隱喻吉意,並藉由構圖內容的分析,了解裝飾圖例其實是有歷史典故做為引用的依據,絕非雜拼而成。但若不能知其所以,在文化傳遞的演變過程中,卻是最易於遭到誤植或捨棄的。最末另舉近年來,摘星山莊與北港朝天宮的修復實例,說明裝飾題材典故的研究,在原貌失據、圖稿變體的情況下,對於古蹟保存與修復所能提供的輔助。
Symbolization is used often to express art subject in decoration. Included in the exhibition are motifs related to the festival of lucky symbol, commonly known as ''Sun Sue Pin lin'' and ''Cat and Cabbage''. Those motifs are for protection against evil, so Chinese can lead a safe and healthy life, and enjoy the blessings from the similar pronunciation to lucky words. Another representative instance is the symbol of ''Lion and Elephant'', a fundamental element of pattern design frequently applied to the traditional buildings. We will also comprehend the example from ''Ja Cen Sun Jon” , and take a look at how the conservation of several important monuments were accomplished in Taiwan. |