反思司法裁判中的後果考量

Reflection on the Consideration about Consequence in Adjudication

在當代中國的轉型社會背景下，司法裁判中的後果考量已成為日益常見的現象。但是，既有的研究並沒有對後果考量在司法裁判方法體系中的地位進行清晰界定。司法裁判之“後果”，主要指的是它可能影響的一般社會後果；“後果考量”可被區分為“後果主義”和“後果論證”（基於後果的論證）這兩個維度。通過分析可以發現，無論是在法的發現還是在法的證立層面上，後果主義都無法一般性地成立，而後果論證可以為既有的法學方法所蘊含，至多只能在客觀目的論證的框架內具有有限的獨立性。所以，後果考量既不具有“元方法”的地位，亦非一種完全獨立的新方法，盡管它值得被認真對待。 Consideration about consequence appears to be more and more normal in adjudication, especially in China's transitional society. However, researchers at present have given no clear consideration about consequence in the system of judicial methods. ''Consequence'' of adjudication refers mainly to general social consequence it may bring about, and ''consideration about consequence'' can be divided into two dimensions, i.e.,''consequentialism'' and ''consequence-based arguments''. It can be found through analysis that, on both levels of law-finding and legal justification consequentialism can not be established generally; consequencebased arguments can be covered by given legal methods, which at most own a limited independence in the framework of objective teleological argumentation. In short, consideration about consequence neither has a position of ''meta-method'' nor is completely a new method, though it is worth to be taken seriously.