法律教義是怎樣產生的——基於後果主義視角的分析

How and Why the Legal Doctrine is Possible:An Consequentialism Approach

描述法律教義的創制過程，可以揭示法律教義背後的實踐邏輯，進而掌握創制法律教義的工作原理。以刑法學中對故意殺人與故意傷害致死的司法識別作為例子，利用法律經濟學的分析方法對其加以分析，在此過程中可以發現：由於犯罪的主觀方面不可觀察，故而“主客觀相統一原則”在操作層面上必然表現為“客觀統一主觀”，且由於所有實體法判斷最終都要深入到證據法層面，故而“推定－反證模式”可以替代實體法上的要件識別。總而言之，堅持後果主義的規範立場，以功能解釋取代道德解釋，乃是深化和拓展刑法學研究乃至整個法學研究的必由之路。 Describing the creation process of doctrine can reveal the practical logic behind the doctrine, and then grasp the working principle of the doctrine creation. In this process, we can find that ''the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity'' must be manifested as ''objectivity unifying subjectivity'' at the operational level because the subjective aspect of crime is unobservable. Furthermore, since all substantive law judgments must finally go deeper into the level of evidence law, the ''presumption-counterevidence model'' can replace the elemental identification on the substantive law. In short, adhering to the normative stance of consequentialism and replacing moral interpretation with functional interpretation is the only way to deepen and expand the study of criminal law and even the entire legal study.